The Weird Reason Rabies Is So Deadly

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0:00Rabies is one of the deadliest [music]

0:02diseases we know of. If you don't get

0:04treatment soon after getting exposed,

0:06you are almost [music] certain to die.

0:08But rabies intent isn't actually to

0:10kill,

0:11>> [music]

0:11>> it's to control. Hi, I'm Kate and this

0:14is MinuteEarth. Pathogens have one goal,

0:17to replicate and spread to new hosts.

0:19And they use all kinds of creative

0:21strategies [music]

0:22to accomplish that goal, like inducing a

0:24poop-tacular amount of diarrhea, or

0:26making their hosts sneeze or cough all

0:29over the place, or causing [music]

0:31oozing germ-filled sores. We made a

0:33video all about this. But most of these

0:35strategies [music] share the same

0:37general approach, cause physical changes

0:40in the host that make transmission more

0:42likely. [music] Rabies takes a different

0:44approach. It causes behavioral changes

0:46in the host to make transmission more

0:48likely. Rabies is transmitted through

0:50[music] saliva. In order to infect a new

0:52host, that virus-laden saliva needs to

0:54make its way into a different critter's

0:56body.

0:56>> [music]

0:57>> Once it's in there, unlike most

0:58pathogens which move through the

1:00bloodstream, rabies viruses travel

1:02through [music] their host's nerves.

1:03It's not a fast way to travel. The

1:05viruses only advance a few inches

1:07[music] a day, but it helps hide them

1:09from the host's immune system, and it's

1:11a direct route to [music] rabies desired

1:13destination, the brain. There, the

1:15viruses start to build up. Scientists

1:17[music] don't totally understand the

1:19details, but the viruses seem to bind to

1:21receptors that allow brain cells [music]

1:23to communicate with each other,

1:24basically seizing control of the brain.

1:26The host becomes less fearful and more

1:29aggressive, which means it's more likely

1:31to come into contact with and bite

1:33another potential host, passing along

1:36the virus. Well, at least that's the

1:38case in animals like dogs and bats.

1:41Humans infected with rabies sometimes do

1:43act differently. [music]

1:44They may get agitated and anxious, but

1:47they don't go around biting people.

1:49Probably because, unlike rabies normal

1:52hosts, [music] humans instincts to bite

1:54aren't that strong in the first place.

1:56As a result, humans are almost always a

1:58dead end host for rabies. [music]

2:01And uh speaking of dead, the clever way

2:04that rabies tries to ensure its

2:06transmission by interrupting the brain's

2:08normal operation causes serious

2:10collateral damage for its hosts, [music]

2:12no matter what species they are. Because

2:14the brain is the control center, not

2:16just for a creature's behavior, but also

2:18for its entire body. If brain cells

2:21can't communicate with each other

2:22properly, they can't coordinate the

2:24signals needed to keep the host

2:26breathing, [music] its blood pumping,

2:28its muscles moving. These systems spiral

2:31into more and more disorder. Eventually,

2:33[music]

2:33they fail completely and the host dies.

2:36That is, unless you interrupt rabies

2:39long strange trip [music] before it's

2:41able to make much headway toward the

2:43brain. The disease moves so slowly that

2:45you can get vaccinated even after you

2:47get infected, because [music] there's

2:49still enough time to train your body to

2:51recognize and fight off the disease. The

2:54only way to survive rabies is to control

2:57it before it controls you.

3:02>> [music]

3:06[music]

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The Weird Reason Rabies Is So Deadly

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