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What I Got Wrong About Changing the World | Malala Yousafzai | TED - Video học tiếng Anh
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What I Got Wrong About Changing the World | Malala Yousafzai | TED
What I Got Wrong About Changing the World | Malala Yousafzai | TED
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0:04
When I was a child,
0:05
I thought changing the world was simple.
0:09
I would tell the people in charge all of my problems,
0:13
and they would fix them.
0:15
I know how naive this sounds now,
0:18
but at nine or 10 years old it made sense to me.
0:22
I lived in a remote mountainous region of Pakistan.
0:26
The prime minister was more than 100 miles away from me
0:29
in the capital city.
0:30
He couldn't see the trash polluting our rivers
0:33
or our broken school bus
0:35
or hospitals with outdated equipment.
0:38
I was sure that our leaders could solve all of these problems
0:43
if only I could get their attention.
0:48
At age 11,
0:49
I faced the biggest, most devastating problem of my life.
0:55
The Taliban took control of my town
0:58
and decreed that girls could no longer go to school.
1:03
I knew what life would be like for me without an education.
1:07
Marriage in my teens,
1:08
two or three children by the time I was just 20.
1:12
It meant I would have no choice,
1:15
no control of my future.
1:18
If I was ever going to get people's attention,
1:21
this was the moment.
1:23
I decided to become an activist.
1:26
I gave interviews at protests,
1:29
I spoke on television,
1:31
I wrote a blog for the BBC
1:33
and I appeared in a “New York Times” documentary.
1:36
I did everything I could to reach to our leaders and ask for their help.
1:43
Simply for the crime of speaking out,
1:48
the Taliban tried to kill me,
1:52
shooting me in the face at point-blank range.
1:57
I was 15 years old.
2:01
But with the help of many doctors
2:04
and even more prayers, I survived.
2:07
Millions of people heard my story.
2:09
Presidents and prime ministers all over the world wanted to meet me.
2:13
I was finally in the rooms where decisions were made,
2:18
and I could bring attention to girls like me
2:21
who did not have the opportunity to be in school.
2:25
And that's when I realized
2:28
that changing the world wasn't as simple
2:30
as pointing out the problems.
2:33
You had to argue for every policy change
2:36
and budget increase,
2:37
and you might have to get the support of as many people as possible.
2:41
And you might have to advocate for months or even years
2:45
to take one step forward.
2:49
Eventually, I came to believe
2:52
that change was slow but steady,
2:57
incremental, but thankfully inevitable.
3:01
My foundation had been hope and optimism.
3:06
Faith that people would do the right thing.
3:10
Trust that when leaders said they cared about making our lives better,
3:16
they meant it.
3:17
Even if it took longer than I wished.
3:22
But then in a single day,
3:26
my belief in progress shattered.
3:30
It was August 2021.
3:36
I was in the hospital, recovering from one last surgery
3:40
to repair the facial paralysis I suffered after the attack.
3:45
I picked up my phone and saw:
3:49
The Taliban had taken control of Afghanistan.
3:54
I was stunned.
3:56
Shattered.
3:58
Terrified.
4:00
Angry.
4:02
How could I continue to have faith that things would improve?
4:06
How could anyone believe that leaders were committed to girls' education
4:11
when they handed over an entire country to the men who pointed a gun at my head
4:18
and pulled the trigger?
4:22
From the recovery room,
4:24
I called Afghan women I knew,
4:26
activists who were working around the country.
4:30
They were frightened, too.
4:33
On TV, experts and politicians were saying that the Taliban had changed.
4:39
That this new version of the Taliban
4:41
wouldn't ban girls from school or oppress women.
4:45
The Afghans I spoke with didn't believe it.
4:49
And they were right.
4:52
Today in Afghanistan,
4:55
girls are not allowed to attend school past sixth grade.
4:59
It is a crime.
5:02
Women, who five years ago were doctors, politicians,
5:06
engineers and artists,
5:08
are not allowed to go to university or pursue a career.
5:13
A woman speaking in public is a crime.
5:17
But do you know what is not considered a crime?
5:21
This year, in 2026,
5:24
the Taliban decreed that it is legal
5:28
for men to beat their wives and daughters.
5:33
The Taliban have imposed a system of segregation and domination,
5:39
a gender apartheid on millions of women and girls.
5:46
For years,
5:48
I thought the purpose of my life was to serve girls.
5:53
After Afghanistan,
5:55
the optimism I had as an 11-year-old activist was gone.
6:00
But I couldn't walk away.
6:03
Because I knew exactly what Afghan girls were going through.
6:08
When I saw pictures of little girls
6:10
standing outside the locked gates of their schools,
6:13
I could not stop thinking about them.
6:17
I know many of us feel overwhelmed and lost today,
6:23
like the obstacles are too big
6:25
and there's little we can do to fix the problem.
6:29
But there's a lot I have learned over the past few years,
6:33
and I want to share with you
6:36
how to keep fighting for change
6:38
when you have lost hope.
6:41
First,
6:43
you have to start with something.
6:47
While I couldn't undo the catastrophe that had just happened in Afghanistan,
6:51
I knew I had to get out of my hospital bed
6:54
and find a way to help.
6:57
I started by supporting underground schools
7:00
because the Afghan girls are not giving up on learning,
7:04
even if it means risking their lives.
7:06
Across the country today,
7:08
they are listening to lessons on the radio,
7:12
discreetly passing cassette tapes and books to each other
7:15
and trying to keep studying in secret.
7:19
It is far from the education that they deserve,
7:22
but it's a start.
7:26
The second thing I learned
7:28
is the importance of working with others.
7:32
And that has led me to some unexpected places,
7:35
like movie theaters and football fields.
7:39
I have produced two films about Afghanistan --
7:43
"Bread and Roses"
7:45
and “Champions of the Golden Valley” --
7:47
stories of Afghan men and women
7:50
who are resisting the Taliban's oppression.
7:53
And I have joined the campaign of [the] Afghan women’s national football team
7:59
to push FIFA to allow them to compete in exile.
8:04
The Taliban are erasing ...
8:07
(Applause)
8:12
The Taliban are erasing women from public life.
8:16
But I am here to do the opposite of what the Taliban want.
8:20
That is why I am taking every opportunity to show Afghan women speaking,
8:27
singing, kicking a ball and standing up for their rights.
8:31
(Applause)
8:38
Because the artists and athletes that I work with help connect the world
8:43
to the women and girls who are living through this crisis
8:46
and to the belief that every life carries equal worth.
8:54
My final lesson:
8:56
stay ambitious.
9:00
I know it might sound foolish to be setting high goals
9:03
when you are losing a battle.
9:07
But the bigger the fight, the bolder you have to be.
9:13
What is happening in Afghanistan is a wake-up call for all of us.
9:19
Because the Taliban's cruelty against women and girls
9:22
did not begin in 2021.
9:25
They tried to silence me a decade earlier in Pakistan,
9:29
and before I was even born,
9:32
they were stopping girls from school in parts of Afghanistan.
9:37
Yet we have no international laws against gender apartheid,
9:43
no way to hold the perpetrators and their sympathizers accountable.
9:49
That is why Afghan women are campaigning to add these abuses to
9:54
the UN’s Crimes Against Humanity treaty.
9:59
And I have joined this movement
10:01
to ensure that we change things for women and girls everywhere.
10:06
(Applause)
10:13
It is a big goal.
10:16
I know it may take many years
10:18
to see the Taliban brought to justice,
10:21
but I will keep fighting
10:23
so that these crimes are not committed against another generation of girls
10:28
anywhere in the world.
10:30
(Applause)
10:37
When I think about the 11-year-old girl
10:40
I once was,
10:41
I want her to be proud of who I am today.
10:44
I want her to know
10:46
that although changing the world is not as simple as she thought,
10:50
I will not give up.
10:53
Here is the truth:
10:56
I don't have all the answers on how to change the world,
10:59
and I don't believe anyone else does either.
11:02
If I have learned anything, it is that progress is never guaranteed.
11:08
There isn't one speech or one story,
11:10
one moment or one person
11:13
that can bend the arc of history on their own.
11:17
But if we start with something,
11:19
work together and stay ambitious,
11:24
hope stops being a thing we wait to feel
11:27
and becomes something we create.
11:29
Thank you.
11:31
(Cheers and applause)
11:37
Thank you so much. Thank you.
11:39
(Applause)
