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Mark Rober’s $60 Million Science Experiment | TED - Video học tiếng Anh
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Mark Rober’s $60 Million Science Experiment | TED
Mark Rober’s $60 Million Science Experiment | TED
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0:04
I want to start off tonight with a two-step experiment.
0:07
For step one,
0:09
I've got a two-liter bottle here.
0:10
It’s half-filled with liquid nitrogen
0:12
that’s negative 320 degrees Fahrenheit.
0:15
As you can see, it's violently boiling off into a gas,
0:18
just like boiling water does on a hot stove,
0:21
because to this freezing-cold liquid nitrogen,
0:23
the nice comfy air in this room is super hot.
0:26
But here’s the catch:
0:28
the gas form of nitrogen
0:30
occupies 700 times the volume of the liquid,
0:33
so you’ve got to be really careful, as it’s turning into a gas
0:36
you don’t trap it in a small container --
0:38
like if the lid was screwed on top here.
0:40
So then for step two,
0:42
I'm going to go ahead and screw the lid on top.
0:45
And when I do, if everything goes according to plan,
0:47
the contents of this bottle should experience
0:49
what we refer to at NASA
0:51
as an “energetic, spontaneous, rapid disassembly.”
0:54
(Laughter)
0:55
It's going to explode.
0:56
(Laughter)
0:57
All right, here we go.
1:00
Put that on.
1:02
OK, now, this is going to be --
1:04
Oh, you know what?
1:05
What the heck, might as well throw these on top.
1:08
(Laughter)
1:09
This is going to be real boring until it's not.
1:13
If you don't like loud noises, cover your ears.
1:15
But according to my calculations,
1:17
things could get real interesting here
1:19
in about three, two, one.
1:23
One.
1:25
(Laughter)
1:26
One.
1:28
I said one.
1:30
I’m just kidding -- it’s really impossible to actually calculate exactly --
1:34
Whoa!
1:35
(Cheers and applause)
1:39
Let’s go!
1:40
(Applause)
1:43
How's your jet lag now?
1:44
(Laughter)
1:47
Alright, my apologies,
1:49
my friends in the front row,
1:51
you should be warned, it will get worse before it gets better.
1:54
(Laughter)
1:56
I'm like science Gallagher up here.
2:00
So a lot of people would look at that --
2:02
Thank you, yeah.
2:03
You keep those as souvenirs, actually.
2:05
Please don’t throw them back the whole time.
2:08
A lot of people look at that and be like,
2:10
"Oh, neat, the ping-pong balls exploded."
2:12
But what actually happened is so much cooler.
2:14
Because as more and more of that nitrogen turned into a gas,
2:17
those gas molecules got more and more crowded
2:20
as they pushed back on the plastic molecules
2:23
comprising the walls of the two-liter bottle.
2:26
And then eventually,
2:27
the pressure got so great, it got so crowded,
2:30
the walls of the two-liter bottle lost the game of molecular Red Rover,
2:34
and all the gas came rushing out.
2:37
But where could it go?
2:38
Because it can’t go down or to the sides --
2:41
trash can's too thick.
2:43
Therefore, the only option is to go up,
2:46
and since all the ping-pong balls are in the way,
2:48
they just happen to go along for the ride.
2:51
But here's the really cool part.
2:53
This is exactly how cannons fire cannonballs.
2:58
It's how Nerf blasters fire Nerf darts.
3:02
It's how T-shirt cannons fire T-shirts.
3:07
And for my friends in the front row,
3:09
it’s how straws fire spit wads.
3:11
I'm just kidding.
3:12
(Laughter)
3:14
The trick for all those is you simply build up enough pressure,
3:18
you suddenly release it in one direction
3:20
and plop whatever you want in the way to go along for the ride.
3:23
And I love when I get like, that aha moment.
3:26
When I understand the world around me with a new framework.
3:29
But even more than that, I love giving that to other people.
3:32
This is why, for the last 15 years, once a month,
3:36
I've uploaded a free science or engineering video to YouTube
3:40
to my now 75 million subscribers
3:42
who also have a taste for those aha moments.
3:45
And the videos --
3:47
(Applause)
3:49
The videos can range anywhere from an elephant toothpaste volcano
3:53
that sets a world record
3:55
to a satellite that's orbiting above us right now that we built,
3:58
that you can upload your picture to for free,
4:01
and it will display it on a screen
4:03
and then give you a selfie in space with the Earth photobombing you.
4:07
(Laughter)
4:09
Or even a soccer goalie [that]
4:11
moves back and forth at 40 miles an hour,
4:13
and then we track your shot so effectively,
4:16
not even the world's greatest player can score on it.
4:20
(Laughter)
4:21
Sorry Ronaldo.
4:23
(Laughter)
4:24
And 16 billion views later,
4:27
what I've learned is I can't teach you
4:29
if I don't have your attention.
4:32
But if I can get your attention with something remarkable,
4:35
well, now I suddenly have something to attach the learning to.
4:39
This is why it kills me if someone's like,
4:41
"Oh, I don't like science because it's boring."
4:43
But at the same time, I get it.
4:44
Because instead of learning about pressure
4:46
the way I did with these ping-pong balls,
4:48
a lot of the times it’s something like this --
4:51
with curiosity-murdering phrases
4:54
like, "consider a rigid container of volume V."
4:57
(Laughter)
4:59
It’s a freaking trash can, all right?
5:01
(Laughter)
5:03
And don’t get me wrong, there is a time and a place for equations,
5:06
but for a generation that is growing up on TikTok and YouTube,
5:10
you have to make it matter
5:12
with something that gets them to lean forward in their seat.
5:15
Something that ignites a little curiosity fire in their brain.
5:19
And we need that today more than ever.
5:22
I like to call this style of teaching “hiding the vegetables.”
5:25
(Laughter)
5:27
For example, it's really boring if you make a video
5:29
about the scientific method.
5:30
But what's not boring is if you make a video
5:33
about a 15-ton Jell-O pool
5:35
you can actually belly flop onto.
5:37
And in the process, I'm going to sneak in
5:40
all six steps of the scientific method.
5:43
What's also really boring is memorizing an equation about terminal velocity.
5:47
But what's not boring
5:49
is you point out that squirrels are one of the only mammals
5:51
that can survive a fall from any height
5:53
at their terminal velocity.
5:55
And then, in an effort to keep them from stealing all your birdseed,
5:59
you set up an eight-part Ninja Warrior obstacle course in your backyard,
6:03
and in the process,
6:05
what you might find
6:06
is they will voluntarily demonstrate this principle for you.
6:10
(Laughter)
6:12
It's a very true story.
6:14
(Laughter)
6:15
There's also a ton of super boring microcontroller tutorial videos online.
6:20
So when someone came by and stole a package from my porch,
6:23
I decided to dedicate a year of my life
6:26
to making the world's least boring microcontroller tutorial video.
6:30
Step one: you make a bait package like this.
6:32
And on the outside, you have something like a picture of headphones.
6:36
But inside, instead of headphones, you have this contraption.
6:39
And at the top there is a cup that spins a pound of the world’s finest glitter.
6:43
You have four phones that will record,
6:45
then upload their footage to the cloud in real time,
6:47
and as the pièce de résistance:
6:49
a very uncharitable amount of fart spray.
6:53
(Laughter)
6:55
That's foreshadowing.
6:57
And then step two: you have the thief come by,
7:00
and when he lifts the lid, takes it home --
7:03
of course -- it sprays the glitter followed by the fart spray.
7:07
I should point out, by the way,
7:09
this whole video was sort of a modern-day homage
7:13
to the greatest film of a generation.
7:14
I'm talking, of course, about "Home Alone."
7:17
And so the thief here, who’s pretending,
7:21
is none other than my buddy Macaulay Culkin.
7:23
(Laughter and applause)
7:26
And so then for step three:
7:27
what you and Macaulay are going to do
7:29
is you're going to make 20 of these,
7:31
put them on porches all across America,
7:33
and it won't take long
7:34
before you start getting back some incredible footage like this.
7:39
(Video) Hello.
7:44
Machine: Keep the change, you filthy animal.
7:48
Person 1: Whoa!
7:52
Machine: Hello.
7:56
You guys give up?
7:58
Or are you thirsty for more?
8:00
(Fart spray)
8:03
Operation “Whoever Smelt It, Dealt It” initiated.
8:08
(Laughter)
8:11
Person 2: Oh.
8:12
Machine: Operation "Butt Trumpet" initiated.
8:15
(Laughter)
8:17
Person 2: Oh.
8:19
(Fart spray)
8:21
Person 2: Alright, alright.
8:23
Alright, we get it, OK.
8:26
Smells like ... in here.
8:29
(Laughter and applause)
8:36
Mark Rober: By the way, I was watching.
8:38
And when that thief was about to lift the lid on the glitter bomb,
8:41
not a single one of you was looking down or was on your phones.
8:45
I had your undivided attention.
8:47
And that makes for the most fertile brain soil,
8:49
because learning is best when it’s attached to a visceral experience.
8:53
Basically, if you feel something here, you remember it here.
8:57
This is why memorizing a boring equation is hard.
9:00
But you know, remembering that song you sang as a teenager
9:03
that made you feel all those feels, that’s easy --
9:05
and you remember every single lyric, you know, 30 years later.
9:09
And to be fair, I didn’t come up with this style of teaching --
9:12
all great teachers know this.
9:13
For me, it was Mr. Malloy.
9:15
He was my high school statistics teacher.
9:17
Hello, Mr. Malloy, if you're watching this.
9:20
And he was great,
9:21
not just because he had a killer Doctor Evil impression --
9:24
(Laughter)
9:25
Or because, and I mean this with all sincerity,
9:27
he had way better hair than whatever I was trying to figure out here.
9:31
(Laughter)
9:33
He was great because he made it matter.
9:35
Like encouraging us to use what we learned in statistics
9:38
to predict where our arch-rival soccer team
9:40
was going to kick their penalty kicks.
9:42
And it worked.
9:43
He was so good at attaching emotions to learning.
9:46
He was so good at hiding the vegetables.
9:50
And the thing is, with a really good teacher, their impact is immeasurable.
9:54
Just like Mr. Malloy impacted his students
9:56
and we're now, in turn, impacting the world.
9:58
That's why I love teachers.
10:00
I think they have the most important job on the planet.
10:03
In fact, please.
10:04
(Cheers and applause)
10:08
I've said for like a decade,
10:10
my dream job is to be a middle-school science teacher,
10:13
and I will be.
10:14
But until that time --
10:16
and buckle up,
10:17
because this is the first time the world is hearing about this --
10:20
for the last two and a half years,
10:23
myself, with a team of about 50 people,
10:26
including some of the best science teachers in the country,
10:29
have been secretly working on a full science curriculum,
10:32
and it uses all the tricks I’ve learned from the past 15 years
10:35
on how to hide the vegetables.
10:37
(Cheers and applause)
10:41
And the reason we're doing this is because it breaks my heart
10:46
when I see teachers who get paid salaries [that],
10:48
as a society, we should be ashamed of,
10:50
spending their own money on resources that totally suck.
10:53
(Applause and cheers)
10:59
So it's got everything they'd need,
11:00
from banger videos the kids are going to beg to rewatch,
11:03
that demonstrate the science --
11:05
yes, that is a wrench in an MRI machine,
11:08
because how else am I supposed to talk
11:10
about the invisible magnetic fields all around us?
11:13
It's got ready-to-teach classroom slide decks
11:16
that are super clean and easy to use.
11:18
And then it’s got these really thought-out
11:20
curated science demos
11:23
where the kids get to viscerally interact with the science
11:25
that the teachers can make
11:27
just with stuff they have lying around their classroom.
11:29
The idea is that together we teach the classroom,
11:32
and the teacher becomes the hero,
11:34
as we engage the students in real science and engineering
11:37
they actually care about.
11:39
We're starting with grades three through eight.
11:42
It exceeds all the state science standards,
11:45
but most importantly,
11:46
it’s exactly what science class is meant to be:
11:49
super freaking fun.
11:51
(Video) Your teacher and I are about to launch this class into hyperdrive.
11:57
Let’s go!
11:58
[You've never]
12:00
[Had a class]
12:02
[Like this]
12:04
We’ll build stuff,
12:06
ask a ton of questions
12:08
and even smash a few things along the way.
12:12
If everything goes according to plan,
12:15
you'll see the world around you in an entirely new way.
12:19
Kristin Bell: Oh my God, that’s crazy.
12:21
MR: Buckle up. It’s going to be a wild ride.
12:25
It's basically magic,
12:27
but science.
12:30
Which makes it cooler than magic.
12:33
Mr. Beast: I knew it felt too light.
12:37
MR: What do you guys want to do now?
12:40
(Cheers and applause)
12:45
The world has evolved,
12:46
and teaching science is long overdue for disruption.
12:49
I'm happy to report that of the teachers
12:51
who are assigned to teach the pilot lessons to their students,
12:54
because of our ability to explain complicated things simply
12:58
and for our very unique experience in solving the science motivation gap
13:02
for 15 years,
13:04
95 percent of the teachers said that when we're done,
13:06
they would want this to be their full science curriculum.
13:09
And so the idea is you combine incredible teachers
13:13
with incredible resources
13:14
to get this explosive output,
13:15
sort of like you'd expect to see
13:17
if you combine this bucket of boiling water
13:19
with this trash can of freezing-cold liquid nitrogen.
13:22
(Laughter)
13:24
So to all those teachers out there in the trenches,
13:26
I want you to know reinforcements are on the way.
13:29
In fact, a bunch of the videos and lessons are already available right now,
13:33
and we'll finish the rest over the next four years,
13:36
because I know this will be the most important thing I do my whole life.
13:40
And even though this is going to cost us $60 million to make,
13:46
my official declaration tonight is every single lesson plan,
13:50
every teacher training,
13:51
every original class demo
13:53
will cost exactly zero dollars
13:55
and be 100 percent free for all teachers forever,
13:59
as we work to ignite those brain fires of curiosity
14:02
in the next generation of big problem solvers.
14:05
(Cheers)
14:07
Thank you so much.
14:08
(Cheers and applause)
14:12
Thank you.
14:13
(Cheers and applause)
14:16
Thank you.
14:17
(Applause)
