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When voting rights didn't protect all women - Video học tiếng Anh
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When voting rights didn't protect all women
When voting rights didn't protect all women
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0:00
[Music]
0:01
for black women the story of voting
0:03
rights
0:04
is a long one
0:08
very early on at the dawn of the 19th
0:11
century
0:11
they are already at work on a political
0:14
philosophy that decries racism and
0:17
sexism in american politics
0:19
but constitutionally speaking it begins
0:22
with the 15th amendment because black
0:24
women also need
0:25
race to be an impermissible criteria
0:28
if they're to get to the polls sojourner
0:31
truth is a name
0:32
people might know the former slave
0:35
anti-slavery activist and women's rights
0:37
activist
0:38
francis ellen watkins harper poet
0:40
anti-slavery lecturer
0:43
we also have figures like nanny helen
0:45
burrows
0:46
id wells was another major activist that
0:48
people don't necessarily associate
0:50
with the suffrage movement but she
0:52
absolutely was
0:54
black women never find a very
0:56
comfortable home in women's suffrage
0:58
associations racism is always
1:01
present sometimes in very pronounced
1:03
ways
1:05
we have pictures of parades marches
1:08
women dressed up
1:09
in sort of late 19th early 20th century
1:12
victorian
1:13
gear hats large hats carrying signs
1:16
about votes for women
1:18
and most of these images are of white
1:20
women
1:22
the key figures are a remarkable
1:25
duo of women elizabeth katie stanton
1:29
and susan b anthony and those two women
1:32
will take us to the 19th amendment
1:34
in august of 1920 the state of tennessee
1:39
will by a mere one vote ratify the 19th
1:42
amendment an amendment that prohibits
1:44
the states from using
1:46
sex as a criteria for voting and it will
1:48
become part of the constitution
1:50
and american women win the right to vote
1:54
so for white woman it was the end of a
1:55
long fight but for many black women it
1:57
was just the beginning of an uphill
1:59
battle to exercise those rights
2:02
african-american women are aware but
2:05
really everyone is aware
2:07
that nothing in the 19th amendment is
2:10
going to prohibit
2:11
individual states from continuing to
2:14
disenfranchise
2:15
black voters and so the first election
2:18
that they had after the bill passed
2:23
the white women were going to vote and
2:25
we'd just step and went to vote
2:27
and when we got on there well we
2:29
couldn't vote
2:30
they gave us all different kind of
2:33
excuses why
2:34
we just stayed we stayed we asked we
2:36
wanted to know why we couldn't vote and
2:38
the
2:38
answers to the questions were so invalid
2:41
we were not satisfied
2:42
so finally one woman mrs simmons said
2:45
are you saying that we can't vote
2:47
because we're negros
2:48
and he said yes negroes don't vote in
2:51
primary in texas
2:53
so that just hurt our hearts real bad
2:57
and so the 19th amendment even as we
2:59
mark this
3:00
anniversary it leaves many many american
3:03
women
3:04
to continue the struggle for political
3:06
rights including the vote
3:08
and african-american women are one
3:11
chapter or one facet of that story
3:14
there's nothing in the 19th amendment
3:16
that guarantees chinese
3:18
immigrant women the vote there's nothing
3:20
in the 19th amendment that guarantees to
3:23
native american
3:24
women the vote latinx women particularly
3:27
mexican-american women
3:28
also occupy an ambiguous place
3:31
in the story of voting rights
3:35
for black women the right to vote is
3:38
symbolic
3:39
and that's not to diminish symbolism
3:41
it's to say
3:42
that the right to vote is a sign that
3:44
they are
3:45
full and equal citizens of the united
3:48
states
3:49
african-american women are facing the
3:52
challenges
3:53
of racial violence lynching and
3:56
access to the polls african-american
3:58
women are looking at a range
4:00
of inequalities economic inequalities
4:04
housing inequalities health inequalities
4:08
educational inequalities and access
4:11
to the ballot is a lever in those
4:14
struggles
4:15
it is the gateway to sitting on juries
4:19
it is the gateway to office holding
4:22
black women have an agenda and it is an
4:24
ambitious one
4:25
and one that they hope the vote will
4:27
help them
4:28
further it wasn't easy
4:31
to try to get people to come out to go
4:34
and try to register to vote because
4:36
the first time that we went we had a
4:38
circle around the courthouse
4:41
of pickup trucks and rifles
4:44
and white people getting ready to stop
4:48
us only four people got in that whole
4:51
day
4:51
what did the white people have to fear
4:54
from somebody blacks registering if they
4:56
became a registered voter
4:59
many of the blacks would seek positions
5:02
in the political field they would be out
5:06
they would fight for justice if they
5:10
were
5:10
registered voters they would turn the
5:13
city completely around
5:17
and that is the reason why they did not
5:20
want to see black people become
5:22
registered voters what black women want
5:25
in the wake of the 19th amendment
5:27
is federal legislation that will now
5:29
protect
5:30
their voting rights to impose on those
5:33
states with a history
5:35
of disenfranchising black voters an
5:37
extra requirement
5:40
and black women will wage a campaign
5:42
that will take them
5:43
all the way to 1965 and passage
5:46
of the voting rights act in that year
5:49
it's important to say
5:50
that winning the voting rights act is a
5:53
brutal brutal campaign black americans
5:58
women and men put their lives on the
6:00
line
6:01
in too many southern jurisdictions in
6:04
order to
6:05
force the hand of congress
6:08
to force the hand of lyndon johnson
6:11
to win voting rights legislation
6:15
this is not an easy road for
6:17
african-american
6:18
women it is a harrowing road but it is
6:21
indeed a victory one that black women
6:24
had been looking for
6:26
for nearly half a century
6:27
[Music]
6:31
i know that my grandmother raised my
6:33
mother that they always had to vote
6:35
like it was something that she was born
6:37
in my grandmother
6:39
susie jones her portrait hangs on the
6:41
wall and i am very accountable to her
6:44
even as she passed many years ago
6:47
people ask me why do we need to know
6:49
this history
6:50
today we live in an era of voter
6:52
suppression
6:53
laws that are neutral on their face
6:56
voter id
6:57
requirements or the purging of voter
7:00
rolls
7:01
or the shuttering of polling places none
7:04
of which
7:04
announce that they are aimed at keeping
7:07
voters of color women of color from the
7:10
polls
7:11
but when we look at those laws in
7:13
practice we can recognize that like
7:16
in 1920 in 2020
7:19
seemingly neutral laws are being used to
7:22
disproportionately keep people of color
7:24
away from the polls
7:28
by running for political office and
7:31
affecting
7:32
change on the ground in their
7:34
communities and in their states so we
7:35
now have black women
7:36
running for governorships and we have a
7:39
number of african-americans that we've
7:40
seen
7:41
has shaped elections so i think the idea
7:44
of enfranchisement is also expanded to
7:46
not just being able to vote
7:48
but exercising political power and
7:51
exercising political agency and i think
7:53
that's the legacy
7:54
of the suffrage movement to me these are
7:57
not women who dropped out of the sky
8:00
these are women who come out of a
8:01
political tradition and are building
8:04
upon that and will tell you that
8:05
if you ask them these women and the
8:08
generations
8:09
that followed worked to make democracy
8:13
and opportunity real in the lives of
8:17
all of us who followed
8:28
you
