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We’re Keeping the Ocean Wild — and You Can Join Us | Sylvia A. Earle | TED
We’re Keeping the Ocean Wild — and You Can Join Us | Sylvia A. Earle | TED
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उपशीर्षक (262)
0:04
So in 2009,
0:09
I stood here
0:11
as a TED prize recipient,
0:13
given a chance to make a wish big enough to change the world.
0:20
So what was that wish?
0:22
(Video) I wish you would use all means at your disposal:
0:27
films, expeditions, the web, new submarines,
0:30
a campaign to ignite public support
0:33
for a global network of marine protected areas.
0:36
Hope Spots large enough to save and restore the ocean,
0:40
the blue heart of the planet.
0:43
Sylvia A. Earle: So why did I make that wish?
0:46
How much of the ocean should be protected?
0:50
It's our life support system.
0:52
We need to treat all of it with respect.
0:55
Part of the reason for my wish was because of what I've seen,
0:59
what I've explored,
1:01
what I've come to know in a lifetime of diving in
1:06
to see things in ways that most people will never get to see.
1:11
To use systems that make it possible to stay underwater for days,
1:17
weeks at a time.
1:18
To explore places that most people will never get to see.
1:24
And to be a witness to the change that's currently taking place.
1:29
I've had the chance to use more than 30 different kinds of submarines.
1:33
Sometimes sharing the view with government officials,
1:37
such as the Minister of the Environment from Ecuador.
1:41
(Laughter)
1:43
He was a little apprehensive.
1:44
(Laughter)
1:46
But he warmed up to the idea thanks to a Mola mola
1:49
who kind of whispered in his ear.
1:52
I’ve also witnessed how we’re trashing the ocean --
1:56
more than just what we’re putting into the ocean,
1:59
[but] what we’re taking out,
2:00
how we are stripping the ocean of the wild creatures
2:05
that maintain Earth as a habitable planet.
2:09
When I voiced concerns,
2:10
when I served as the chief scientist of NOAA in 1990,
2:15
I was called the Sturgeon General.
2:18
(Laughter)
2:19
And I was told not to worry.
2:22
But in a few decades, with billions of dollars in subsidies,
2:26
we have dewilded the ocean,
2:31
taking these wild animals to markets globally.
2:36
Industrial fishing is simply too efficient,
2:40
and the markets are too demanding.
2:42
Wild animals don't stand a chance.
2:45
Nothing in their history enables them to escape the mechanized killing.
2:51
Their fleets move like cities across the high seas,
2:56
taking and marketing wildlife.
2:59
We almost succeeded in exterminating the great whales,
3:04
but now we know we need whales,
3:07
we need squid.
3:08
We need the menhaden, the tuna, the shrimp, the sharks.
3:13
Ocean wildlife.
3:16
We need them alive.
3:18
This is the carbon cycle in action.
3:22
This is how the living planet works.
3:24
Elements of the universe are moving from one creature to another,
3:30
keeping Earth's chemistry within safe operating space.
3:36
I was told 50 years ago to be afraid of sharks.
3:41
Now I'm afraid because I don't see sharks when I go diving.
3:45
We've eliminated more than half of them
3:48
since I began diving.
3:50
In 2009, I wished for expeditions, films, the web,
3:55
new submarines that inspire action.
3:59
In [that] same week, Google launched the first 10 Hope Spots on Google Earth.
4:06
In 2010, at a TED at Sea expedition to the Galapagos Islands,
4:13
we gathered together about 100 big thinkers
4:15
to figure out what can we do
4:17
to change this trajectory of decline.
4:21
On the spot,
4:22
the commitment was made to protect the high seas
4:25
starting in the Sargasso Sea.
4:28
Sargasso Sea Hope Spot:
4:30
the open ocean home for turtles and whales and sharks
4:34
and thousands of other sea creatures.
4:36
Another commitment was made to create a film, "Mission Blue."
4:41
And another one, "Sea of Hope."
4:44
“Oceans 5” and “Ocean Elders” were launched.
4:47
Funds were created and secured to help protect the Galapagos Islands.
4:53
Five years later,
4:55
with climate [as] a top priority,
4:58
TED at Sea 2 sailed to the South Pacific.
5:02
Champions were enlisted to help
5:04
with the protection of the top of the world,
5:07
the high seas in the Arctic,
5:10
and to stop the trade in wildlife like polar bears,
5:14
for rugs and for trophies.
5:17
Others were enlisted to bring about full protection for krill
5:23
and other wildlife in the waters around the Antarctic continent,
5:28
along with other great ideas to try to protect the ocean’s blue heart.
5:34
Sometimes I'm asked, "So what's the best place to go diving?"
5:38
And I say, "Almost anywhere
5:42
50 years ago."
5:45
So much has changed these images of coral reefs.
5:49
It's the way I remember the ocean.
5:51
And there are some places where the ocean is still like this.
5:56
They have top priority for protection.
5:59
They can't put them back once they're gone.
6:01
We can help restore some of the damage that we've inflicted,
6:07
but there's nothing like a place that is still intact
6:10
after the long history that preceded humankind.
6:15
There is hope because around the world,
6:19
people are doing what they can to restore what has happened to the coral reefs.
6:25
There are Mission Blue champions in 29 Hope Spots that are growing
6:29
and planting corals to help restore the damage.
6:34
This is [a] before and after view.
6:36
The before: where the corals are healthy,
6:40
the system is healthy.
6:42
And after: what’s happening on our watch.
6:45
But there is reason for hope.
6:48
In the Nusa Penida Hope Spot
6:51
you can actually see the progression from a damaged reef
6:56
after some time of care,
6:59
and then restoration,
7:00
to what looks pretty good as compared to where it started.
7:03
(Applause)
7:10
I'm working with champions who are helping to inspire protection
7:13
for wild rivers and pathways in the sea
7:16
for manatees, turtles, fish and whales.
7:21
Today, there are 169 Hope Spots
7:25
in 116 countries.
7:28
(Applause)
7:32
Here on this Esri map,
7:35
you can see where action is taking place.
7:39
These are not just dots on a map.
7:42
These are people.
7:45
They are people who are gathering data, sharing stories,
7:48
enlisting kids to care.
7:51
Diving in with partners.
7:54
Connecting with others.
7:57
Mangroves are being restored in 15 Hope Spots.
8:02
Seagrasses in 12,
8:05
turtles are being monitored in 26 places,
8:07
30 for sharks and rays.
8:11
All of these places are creating awareness and enhanced protection.
8:16
I wish I could tell you about all of them
8:18
because the stories are really cause for hope.
8:22
But let me just share a few.
8:25
Chile's coast and shoreline offshores
8:29
were among Mission Blue’s first Hope Spots.
8:32
They're now a part of Chile's commitment to protect
8:35
more than half of their ocean area.
8:37
When I first went there,
8:39
we found [a] Juan Fernández fur seal --
8:42
just one.
8:44
It was thought that they were really gone.
8:46
That was a cause for hope: we found one.
8:48
But today, with protection,
8:51
there are more than 100,000 of these creatures.
8:55
(Applause)
8:59
In the shadow of New York City,
9:02
the Shinnecock Bay Hope Spot
9:04
is a place where people and nature
9:07
thrived for thousands of years.
9:11
But 20th-century markets for seafood beyond the bay upended the system.
9:18
More recently, the bay has been known for brown tides
9:22
and the loss of seagrasses and oysters
9:26
and clams that once filtered the water
9:28
and fed people locally.
9:30
Doctor Ellen Pikitch, a scientist at Stony Brook University,
9:34
set out with her colleagues to do something about it,
9:37
and they figured it would take 53 million clams
9:41
to restore health,
9:43
to filter the water [and] eliminate those brown tides.
9:47
They’ve also calculated it would take $53 million, at a dollar per clam.
9:53
They didn’t have $53 million,
9:54
but they bought as many mom and dad clams as they could,
9:57
and they planted them.
9:59
Let the clams do the rest.
10:01
Seagrasses began to grow again once the clams were back.
10:07
The water became clearer.
10:09
Creatures that live and need the seagrasses
10:13
began to return.
10:14
And now we can see that the place is delivering
10:20
on the promise of hope.
10:23
In French Polynesia, at the Tetiaroa Hope Spot,
10:26
Richard and Mary Bailey are pioneering science-based tourism
10:32
with a conservation twist.
10:34
They have fiercely protected the sea turtle nests.
10:39
They've really taken the action
10:41
to try to restore a place that was losing the wildlife
10:46
that the ocean needs
10:47
to have a secure planet --
10:49
and it’s working.
10:51
Just a few years ago,
10:53
there were only a very few turtles.
10:56
Now there are hundreds -- with protection.
11:00
Protection works.
11:02
With the Tetiaroa Society,
11:03
the Baileys are engaging tourists and scientists,
11:06
kids and CEOs
11:08
in a business plan that couples tourism,
11:12
revenue that is generated with exploration,
11:15
research and conservation.
11:17
It's a blue-green nature positive model that generates income
11:22
and jobs in a healthy ocean.
11:25
A new class of submersibles is being built
11:30
that will take scientists,
11:32
visitors and curious kids
11:35
into French Polynesia's twilight zone
11:37
to explore a part of a vital global system of animals
11:42
that migrate up and down in the water column every day,
11:47
every night.
11:49
Mission Blue is partnering with the Polynesian voyagers,
11:53
with Nainoa Thompson and those who travel across the Pacific
11:56
in traditional voyaging canoes
11:59
like the Hōkūleʻa,
12:01
following ancient pathways,
12:03
depicted too, on traditional maps,
12:06
like an octopus.
12:08
The head of the octopus is in French Polynesia,
12:11
but the arms extend to islands across the Pacific
12:16
to Hope Spots that have been established in recent years.
12:20
A three-year expedition is currently, right now, underway
12:24
to connect people across the Pacific
12:26
with ancient values of ocean care and respect.
12:32
With the subs for the first time,
12:35
they can go see who lives under the canoe.
12:38
This is, after all, the lower sunlight shines
12:42
where it's cold, it's dark, it's high pressure,
12:46
but it's where most of life on Earth actually exists.
12:50
The merger of new technology and ancient wisdom.
12:57
My wish was inspired by the keen desire
13:02
to build a safety net of Hope Spots,
13:05
large enough to really understand
13:09
and protect the ocean that protects all of us.
13:14
At the time,
13:16
99 percent of the ocean was open for exploitation.
13:22
Today, 97 percent is still open for exploitation.
13:29
It's time to seriously scale up.
13:34
Hope Spots are helping.
13:36
Townsville AI is visualizing Hope Spots
13:38
with global data on temperature, chemistry,
13:42
fishing pressure,
13:43
wildlife migration routes, land-based information,
13:46
to better understand the problems in the context of the whole world.
13:52
Now we know.
13:53
Planting trees, planting corals and clams --
13:58
it helps.
13:59
We can stop trashing the ocean.
14:02
We can stop industrial fishing.
14:04
We must never allow the
14:07
mining of the deep seas to sweep away the security
14:10
the living deep ocean provides to all of us.
14:15
Armed with greater knowledge than has ever existed before,
14:20
we are the luckiest people ever to have arrived on Earth.
14:25
We can choose the future we want.
14:27
We can.
14:29
Dinosaurs could not.
14:31
Truly, we have a choice.
14:33
We can find an enduring place for ourselves
14:36
within the natural living systems
14:39
that make possible our existence.
14:42
Systems that sustain us.
14:44
Hope Spots are helping.
14:47
And you can, too.
14:50
Hope is contagious.
14:53
Hope is an idea worth spreading.
14:57
Thank you.
14:59
(Applause and cheers)
