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Why the World Is Still Not Built for Women | Virginia Santy | TED - Video học tiếng Anh
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Why the World Is Still Not Built for Women | Virginia Santy | TED
Why the World Is Still Not Built for Women | Virginia Santy | TED
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자막 (225)
0:03
Do you feel comfortable?
0:05
(Laughter)
0:09
Really think about your experience right now.
0:12
Are you too hot or too cold?
0:16
How does your butt feel sitting in this chair?
0:21
Do you feel safe?
0:24
These questions might seem a little silly, but silly for different reasons,
0:29
depending on your gender identity.
0:32
We don't really ask these questions of men,
0:34
because for the most part, we don't have to.
0:38
Our environments are built for men and how they experience the world.
0:43
For you women,
0:45
these questions are different
0:47
because we are so conditioned to accept our own discomfort,
0:53
to accept the environments or systems around us
0:56
as normal and natural,
0:58
we often fail to realize when they don't quite fit us,
1:02
we just work around it.
1:05
How many of you women
1:07
are carrying a purse or a bag big enough
1:11
to fit an extra sweater or a down comforter,
1:16
in case you get cold sometime today?
1:18
(Applause)
1:20
The truth is,
1:22
the world wasn't built for women.
1:25
In fact, in nearly every way, it's been quite literally built for men.
1:30
From Da Vinci's "Vitruvian Man"
1:32
to a concept called "The Modular Man" from the mid-20th century,
1:36
we've used men's bodies to measure what we feel is normal
1:41
and appropriate in our world.
1:43
And then we've used those measurements to build everything around us,
1:47
from chairs to buildings and cars.
1:53
Women are,
1:55
for the most part,
1:57
not seen,
1:58
not measured,
2:00
not valued.
2:02
And this means the basic physical structures of our environment
2:07
or the structures of our systems,
2:09
work against women,
2:11
in subtle and not-so-subtle ways.
2:15
And this is exponentially true for women of color,
2:18
women with disabilities,
2:19
and women with intersectional identities.
2:23
It was only 20 years ago
2:26
we included female crash test dummies.
2:31
It was only 1991
2:35
when we included women in medical trials.
2:38
It is like we have only recently realized women aren't men.
2:45
(Cheers and applause)
2:47
A few years ago,
2:49
I started daydreaming about what it would look like
2:52
to build an office space, a workplace, for women.
2:57
I was tired of freezing in sterile-feeling offices.
3:02
I felt defeated by the woeful tales
3:06
of moms who had to breast-pump in bathroom stalls or copy rooms.
3:12
I was sick and tired
3:15
of feeling guilt or embarrassment
3:19
for having to bring my baby to work with me,
3:22
a few hours, every once in a while,
3:24
to compensate for some caregiving emergency or another.
3:30
So I started talking to women and asking them what worked,
3:33
what didn't work in their spaces.
3:35
And then I used that information to sketch out the perfect plan
3:40
for a new workspace.
3:42
Women told me,
3:44
office parking spaces are too narrow,
3:48
and a car seat with a kid in it is pretty bulky and inflexible.
3:53
So we designed our space with ample parking
3:57
and spots wide enough to open a car door all the way
4:00
and take out a car seat.
4:02
Women told us,
4:04
simply entering a building can be frustrating.
4:08
Have you ever walked up to a door and had to try a few times to get it open?
4:13
You really had to throw your weight behind it.
4:16
That's because doors open more easily for men.
4:21
Literally, it is not just a metaphor anymore.
4:24
So we reduced the force required to open our doors,
4:28
making it easier for women to use them.
4:31
Moms told us juggling work and children
4:36
is their most difficult challenge.
4:39
So instead of pretending workers are 100 percent autonomous agents
4:43
with no human connection
4:44
and children simply drop from the sky and raise themselves,
4:48
we plan for on-site childcare rooms
4:51
where moms could use our partner childcare services
4:55
or bring their kids to play while they worked.
4:59
This all wasn't just physical.
5:01
From research, we learned
5:03
women are most likely to attend a professional development event
5:08
with a friend.
5:09
So we made all learning social.
5:13
These were all great things, and the results were glorious.
5:18
Women supported one another
5:20
and collaborated across businesses and industries.
5:24
They shared resources and recommendations,
5:28
anecdotes and pep talks.
5:31
We have built a place where women could unabashedly discuss
5:35
that other scarlet letter capital-A word
5:38
for which they are so often judged and criticized:
5:43
ambition.
5:44
(Laughter)
5:46
And find not only encouragement from others
5:49
but strategies.
5:51
We built a place where women felt valued
5:56
and could therefore be themselves.
5:59
And while I believe valuing women is the only argument we need
6:03
for building places that work for them,
6:05
there is also an economic argument.
6:08
Today, there are more men than women in the workforce.
6:12
In fact, women's workforce participation is at the same level today
6:17
as it was 30 years ago.
6:20
And the gap is only getting wider.
6:23
Building places of work where women feel comfortable and valued
6:27
is one way to address this.
6:30
If women worked at the same levels as men,
6:33
the US GDP would increase by five percent.
6:37
Or one trillion dollars.
6:40
(Applause)
6:43
Globally, we know,
6:46
when women are more financially secure,
6:49
they invest more and more often in their families and communities.
6:55
Everything I've mentioned so far
6:57
are things you can do at home, in your workplaces.
7:02
But we need to think bigger too,
7:05
and design for women on a larger scale.
7:09
Can we design whole cities to serve women?
7:14
That's the question that inspired my work for the Downtown Denver Partnership.
7:21
The first thing I learned
7:23
is that women aren't really on the radar of city builders.
7:27
Ninety-four percent of US cities have city plans,
7:31
yet only two percent of those plans include any mention of women.
7:36
And if women aren't on the radar,
7:38
it means their distinct experiences aren't on the radar, either.
7:43
Care work is a useful illustration.
7:47
Women spend 37 percent more time per day on household chores
7:52
or caregiving activities than men.
7:55
And this doesn't end with children.
7:57
The average caregiver for an older adult is a 49-year-old woman
8:03
who works full-time outside the home
8:05
and spends an extra 20 hours a week caring for a family member.
8:10
If this is the reality for women,
8:14
how can we redesign our cities to better serve them?
8:19
Most city centers are childcare deserts,
8:22
despite a growing number of young families
8:26
who live and work downtown.
8:28
And women who live in metropolitan areas tend to use public transit
8:34
to accomplish a range of household or caregiving responsibilities.
8:39
Yet a city's public transportation system
8:42
isn't really what we think of
8:43
when we hear the phrase “family friendly.”
8:47
Public transit is tough to navigate with a stroller.
8:50
It doesn't facilitate the short, frequent trips
8:53
women tend to take in care work.
8:57
If we really thought about women's experiences,
9:00
simply recognizing the centrality of care work in women's lives
9:05
would mean a much different city than what we're used to.
9:11
Imagine this scenario.
9:14
A mom walks a short distance from her home to her transit stop.
9:20
She and her two-year-old child
9:23
socialize with other parents and kids at the stop
9:27
because there are other parents and kids at the stop.
9:31
She takes the transit to work, where she goes to the on-site,
9:36
corporate-sponsored daycare facility.
9:39
She gets a chance to kind of network with the VP at her office,
9:42
because he and his kids also use the daycare facility.
9:46
Later in the afternoon,
9:48
she returns to the daycare center for an afternoon snack with her kid.
9:52
Feeling energized by that visit,
9:55
she returns to her desk,
9:58
finishes up her day, picks up her kid,
10:01
heads back to the transit stop.
10:03
She doesn't have to worry about transportation schedules
10:08
because the transit stop is a hub of services.
10:12
She swings by the walk-in healthcare clinic to get her flu shot.
10:17
She drops by the bank -- which is open past 5pm, by the way --
10:23
and sets up a financial account
10:25
that does not penalize her with higher interest rates
10:28
simply for being a woman.
10:30
(Applause)
10:33
She boards her transit home along with other families,
10:36
feeling like she has had quality time with her kid,
10:40
as well as a productive and strategic day.
10:45
I daydream about this scenario
10:47
in the same way I used to daydream about riding a flying pony
10:51
when I was eight years old.
10:53
(Laughter)
10:55
And in some ways, it feels just as mythical and surreal.
10:59
But it doesn't have to.
11:02
To me, the workplace, cities, are inventive opportunities
11:07
to question what we see as normal and natural in our world.
11:12
Why do we make it so difficult on working mothers
11:17
when their contributions quite literally fuel
11:22
the future success of our economies?
11:26
(Cheers and applause)
11:29
How can we do things differently?
11:31
And how can we continue to iterate as gender identities
11:36
and gender norms evolve?
11:39
Finally,
11:42
what would it take to make these changes?
11:46
The answer is so simple,
11:50
it sometimes feels silly to say it aloud.
11:55
Value women.
11:59
(Applause)
12:02
See women as not only human,
12:05
and therefore worthy of our consideration,
12:08
but as people who make incredible contributions
12:12
to our collective success.
12:14
Recognize, women's experiences are different than men's,
12:19
but that those differences are not deficiencies.
12:23
(Cheers and applause)
12:25
This could be a sad story.
12:28
But in many ways it's one of triumph.
12:31
Women succeed in personal, political, cultural, economic arenas,
12:37
all in spite of systems, places,
12:42
not designed to serve them.
12:45
Imagine what women could do if we made things a little easier on them.
12:51
We can build places, cities, systems,
12:56
that are not derivatives of or adjustments to what works for men
13:01
but the product of inspired thought and creativity.
13:05
We can design for women, measure their lived experiences,
13:12
and build with those experiences in mind.
13:16
And the world will be better for it.
13:21
Thank you.
13:22
(Applause and cheers)
