자막 (120)
0:00Hello, Aubrey. How's it going today? Hello,
Lindsay. I am great. I have a question for
0:05you. Yeah, I'm ready. Do you live near any grocery
stores? Any in walking distance? I do, actually. I
0:12have two or three of them in walking distance.
Yeah. Lucky. I had one in walking distance in
0:17New York, but not here in Phoenix. Yeah. Yeah.
Different geographies, different types of cities,
0:22right, Aubrey, that are laid out differently.
Yeah. This is interesting. I use the word near.
0:27Do you live near any grocery stores? We're talking
about the difference between near and nearby. This
0:33came up in a recent episode. Stay to the end.
We'll share details. If you missed that one,
0:37you can definitely listen to these out of order.
Yeah, this is one of the differences near versus
0:42nearby that I think our listeners might wonder
what is the difference or get confused or maybe
0:47get frustrated. They're not quite sure. Right.
Yeah, it does seem strange. It's really about
0:52the grammar because they basically have the same
meaning. They're both about proximity, right? They
0:57both mean close. Yes. Okay, that's important to
know. They both mean the same thing that proximity
1:03close. Um, but the grammar is kind of different,
which is what we're going to get into today. But
1:08before we get any deeper, guys, hit that follow
button if you love Allers's English. Our style
1:12is to focus on human connection in everything we
teach you. What does it mean for how to connect?
1:18Hit follow because that's our style and we want
you on board as a member of our audience. All
1:23right. Absolutely. All right, let's dive in here.
I think we'll start with this key difference,
1:29sort of a pro tip. The main difference is that
near is used as a preposition, but nearby is
1:36not. It really cannot be used as a preposition or
the grammar is incorrect. Sounds really off. So,
1:41that's a key takeaway. The tricky thing is kind of
recognizing in a sentence, is this being used as
1:47a preposition or an adjective or an adverb? That's
a little tricky. Yeah. So, it can be used in three
1:52ways, right, Aubrey? A preposition, an adjective
and an adverb. Oh my gosh, that's a lot. So,
1:57let's see how it looks when it comes to a
preposition. What does that mean? Yes. And both
2:01are used as an adjective and an adverb. Both near
and nearby. But preposition only near can be used
2:07as a preposition. Okay, good to know. So, here's
some examples in the preposition bucket here. So,
2:13first one is the beach is near my house. Right.
We will never say the beach is nearby my house.
2:20I mean, you might hear a native speaker say it,
right? Yes, you could hear someone say this. It's
2:24a very common error, but we recommend using near.
That's the grammatically correct option. Yeah,
2:31let's let's get this one right. Right. Good
stuff. Or he parked near the entrance to
2:36save time. Same thing. We wouldn't say he parked
nearby the entrance to save time. Like you said,
2:42some regional dialects that might be more common.
It wasn't in mine. There were a lot of grammar
2:47mistakes that were common in my regional dialect.
This wasn't one of them. I didn't ever hear this.
2:51Interesting. Okay. So, how do we know if it's
being used as a preposition, Aubrey? How can
2:56we know? Yeah. So, this is interesting. It will
always be followed by a noun or a noun phrase if
3:01it's a preposition. For example, for example, near
my house, near the restaurant, near the hotel,
3:08near London. These are nouns that have either,
you know, a possessive pronoun, an article. So,
3:15it makes it a noun phrase. I see. Prepositions
are usually about kind of orientation to the next
3:20word. Right. Exactly. Right. And so all of these
nouns are a direct object. That gets a little more
3:25complicated. Maybe we could talk about direct
objects on another episode, but it's easier,
3:30I think, to just think of it as needing. You know,
it will always have a noun or a noun phrase after
3:35it. All right. Good. Let's go into the adverb
bucket. Right. We're changing buckets, jumping
3:39to a new bucket. The other way that near is used
is adverb. Two out of three. Right. Yes. So what
3:47what does this look like, Aubrey? Yeah. So both
near and nearby function as an adverb. And when
3:52it's used as an adverb, it always means not far
away. So nearby typically describes location. For
3:59example, there aren't any gas stations nearby. Or
her dog will stay nearby, right? Yes. And near can
4:07also describe location as an adverb in the same
way, but it's much less common. You could say the
4:13dog stayed near while we talked. While we talked.
Right. In the US, we would be more likely to say
4:19nearby, but it's grammatically correct to say near
as well. And what about time? Can near be used to
4:25refer to time? Yes. Right. And then it would mean
soon or almost. And this is interesting. We do not
4:32use nearby for time in this way. Nearby is really
just about location. But with time, we could say,
4:39"As the deadline drew near, everyone got nervous."
Or a chunk that's really common. What is it,
4:45Lindsay? Yeah. You might hear this in movies or
famous books, the end is near. Right. I feel like
4:51so many movies these days are postapocalyptic,
right? That's true. Right. Or Stranger Things,
4:57if anyone's been watching that. I think that had a
billion people streaming it on Netflix and crashed
5:03Netflix. And I understand why because it was a
very entertaining show, I think. Interesting. I
5:07haven't watched that. I should see that one. But
everyone likes that. I know. Yeah. Especially for
5:11someone who's Gen X because it was all 80s. It was
very much what we grew up with, right? So, it's
5:16pretty fun. Good stuff. Okay, Aubrey, we're back
from the break. Now, there is a third bucket for
5:21near, which is an adjective use. So, tell us about
this one. And as an adjective, nearby is much more
5:28common than near. They both grammatically
accurate, very possible in a sentence, but
5:33you'll hear nearby more. For example, we can go
to a nearby beach or they didn't move to the area
5:40due to pollution. Pollution from a nearby factory.
So, that word is an adjective describing the noun
5:45that's directly after a nearby beach, a nearby
factory. Yeah. And do we use near in chunks,
5:52like common chunks, would you say? Yes. Right.
So, near is not as common, but it is in these
5:57chunks like near disaster or near future, for
example. Yeah, I've heard those chunks for sure.
6:03for example, oh that was a near disaster. And
this could be used if you almost knocked over a
6:08wine glass on a white rug or it could be something
bigger than that, right? An actual near disaster,
6:14right? Exactly. Or I think AI will be everywhere
in the near future. So these chunks we will use
6:20near, but there's only a few of them and then we
don't use near very much as an adjective in other
6:26sentences in other contexts. Perfect. All right.
So we've made it super clear the three buckets,
6:31right? the ways that these words are used or not
used. So, now let's see how it looks in a role
6:36play. Aubrey, shall we dive into it? Perfect. Yes.
You and I are reminiscing about our college towns
6:41in this role play. Oh, fun. Okay. All right. And
then we'll have to have a real conversation about
6:45it after the role play. We'll see if any of this
is accurate. All right. Here we go. I loved my
6:50college campus. There were so many things to
do nearby. Oh, I wish I had gone to college
6:54in a beach town. It would have been amazing to
spend weekends at a nearby beach. True. But then
7:00getting decent grades would be an uphill battle.
I live near the library and that was probably
7:04really helpful to my grades. Good point. Well,
in the near future, I hope to live by a beach.
7:11Nice. How was your college town, Aubrey? How
was it was like a ski town, mountains and snow,
7:18no beach anywhere to be found. No beach for sure.
No beach. My college town was boring. There was
7:24now there was nothing going on. It was really
isolated. So the campus was really a bubble and
7:29I hated that. Like I wanted to be exploring the
world. I did not want to be in a little bubble
7:33campus. I almost transferred to a city school
like BEu or George George Washington. Um but I
7:39stayed. And you know four years of college is such
a short time in the span of your whole life. So
7:46I'm glad I stayed. Yeah. Yeah. Interesting. It's
crazy how different everyone's college experience
7:51is depending on where you went, what the town was
like. So yeah, what you were studying. It's always
7:56a great connection topic to ask someone about like
where they went to school and what it was like.
8:00It's always interesting. Oh, it's always a really
good topic for sure. So, let's break down our use
8:04of near and nearby here. So, I started by saying I
loved my college campus. There were so many things
8:10to do nearby. So, Aubrey, is this an adjective,
adverb, or preposition? Yeah. So, we know it's
8:16not a preposition because only near can be a
preposition, right? But it's an adverb modifying
8:22the verb to do. It tells where those things are,
right? These adverbs say where or how. And in
8:29this case, where nearby. Yes. Love it. All right.
Then what did you say? And then I said, I would
8:35have loved to be spending weekends at a nearby
beach. And it's an adjective here describing
8:41beach. Where is the beach? Nearby. Yep. And
then we dropped it in as a preposition. I said,
8:46I lived near the library. Right. So describing
the location, the proximity to the library. And
8:54then exactly. So it's followed by a noun phrase,
right? The library. Near the library. And we can't
8:59use nearby. We don't use it as a preposition.
No. AB. And there is a bonus in here. Uphill
9:04battle. Love that one. Yeah. For something to be
really difficult. And it's true. If I lived, if my
9:10college town were near a beach, getting grades
would have been an uphill battle for me. Oh,
9:15forget it. I would have been to the beach all the
time. Like if you had gone to college in Miami or
9:19something, come on. Yeah, I'd probably failed out.
And then I said, "Well, in the near future, I hope
9:26to live by a beach." So an adjective here in that
chunk in the near future. Just meaning soon. And I
9:33think the more English we consume, we consume
media, movies, music. We hear these chunks,
9:38right? So those are going to be the easiest ones
that'll come the most naturally for our listeners.
9:42Exactly. Absolutely. So, for the episode that
inspired this one, scroll up and check out 2543.
9:50Go out of your way for these English direction
phrases. Nice. So, Aubrey, what's our takeaway? I
9:55mean, when it comes to talking about proximity and
what does it mean for connection in English? Yeah,
10:01this is interesting because this is a pretty minor
error. Don't stress too much about whether you
10:05should say near or nearby, but it is interesting.
It comes up so much in conversations, you know,
10:11when you're talking about what's close to what,
you know, what about proximity. It's interesting,
10:17right? So, this could tie into so many of
your conversations uh around connection. So,
10:21just thinking about bringing up interesting topics
like we discussed where did you go to college?
10:26What did you think of the college town? That's
a great one. And then let these near and nearby
10:30words kind of come up as you talk about location
and proximity. Yes. And like you said, Lindsay,
10:35the more you are taking in English, the more
it's just going to sound right and feel right,
10:40which you should use near or nearby, because
you're hearing it used correctly on podcasts,
10:44on TV shows. Love it. Good stuff, guys. If you
love our style here on Allers English, hit the
10:50follow button right now so you don't miss a single
future episode. All right. Awesome. All right.
10:56Good stuff, Aubrey. We'll see you next time.
Take care. See you next time. Bye bye. [Music]
