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Remarkable New Tiger Behaviours Caught on Camera | Tiger Island | BBC Earth
Remarkable New Tiger Behaviours Caught on Camera | Tiger Island | BBC Earth
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Phụ đề (386)
0:00
It's hard to see how big a Bengal tiger
0:03
is. A male could reach up to 258
0:06
kilograms. That is a spectacularly large
0:08
animal. Pretty crazy. I mean, if it
0:10
smacked you around the head, you
0:11
wouldn't have a head.
0:13
Hi, I'm Dan O'Neal. I'm a wildlife
0:15
biologist, broadcaster, and filmmaker.
0:18
And I'm working on a new series called
0:20
Tiger Island. Today, I'm going to watch
0:22
and react to an unseen bit of footage
0:24
that's not in the show to give you a bit
0:25
of insight into what it was like filming
0:27
in Nepal. I'm really excited about this
0:28
because this was very cool and it didn't
0:31
make it into the show, but this is when
0:32
Sushilla, the expert ranger and the only
0:35
reason I'm alive and I go to inspect a
0:39
tiger's kill that has been left. So,
0:41
when we knew from the drones that this
0:42
tiger had left the site, it was a
0:44
perfect opportunity to go and inspect
0:46
the kill site to see what it looks like.
0:48
And it's very cool. And Sushilla is
0:50
walking very confidently, me a little
0:51
less so.
0:53
Chugy and her right there. They've just
0:55
made a kill.
0:59
So, what's cool? Just watching her from
1:01
the sky. This is something you'd never
1:03
be able to see. A mother and her cub
1:05
eating a freshlymade kill.
1:09
If we walk
1:11
down this forest side,
1:14
Max is on the other side of the bank.
1:18
We might be able to get eyes on the cup
1:20
for the first time.
1:27
Tigers have one of the coolest tongues
1:30
of any animal in the world. They have
1:32
these spiny structures called filform
1:33
paplet on their tongue. And it's these
1:36
thousands of comb like spines which
1:38
basically when the tiger's licking that
1:40
prey, it'll strip away all the hair, it
1:42
will strip away the skin and allow the
1:44
tiger to access the meat underneath.
1:46
It's pretty incredible.
1:52
This is such a good opportunity to go in
1:54
and check out the kel, see what she's
1:56
taken. But we've got to be really
1:58
careful because she is somewhere in the
2:00
area. We know right now she's about 350
2:04
400 m in that direction. So, we're safe,
2:08
but there have been a couple of deer
2:09
calls in this direction.
2:11
So, we need to just check and make sure
2:14
the area is safe before we go in. But
2:17
yeah, it's an opportunity we can't miss.
2:20
Look at Sushilla. One of the most
2:22
fearless people I've ever met in my
2:24
life. She's what keeps us safe. She
2:25
lives in this environment. She spent her
2:27
whole life, 30 plus years, living in
2:28
this environment alongside elephants,
2:30
rhinos, and tigers. And that little
2:32
stick, that's it. I'll tell you, there
2:34
was a time when we were all sat in camp
2:37
and a rhino started walking towards our
2:40
camp. And they're dangerous. I think
2:42
tigers are dangerous. Elephants and
2:44
rhinos, they're responsible for the most
2:46
wild kills of people in this
2:48
environment. And Susilla, she walked out
2:50
from camp with a little stick and just
2:53
slammed it on the ground, screaming at
2:55
this rhino, and it left.
3:05
This is something we'd never usually do
3:08
cuz if a cat can see us coming in, it's
3:12
a chance you could bump the cat away
3:13
from the kill and it wouldn't come back.
3:16
But we know from the drone team that
3:18
she's far off in this direction, far
3:20
away from any line of sight to us.
3:29
It's just so special. This is one of my
3:32
favorite things about this production.
3:34
It's very rare that any field biologist
3:37
is going to have this much support to be
3:40
able to explore a place like this.
3:42
Incredible privilege to be able to walk
3:44
on foot in tiger territory with relative
3:46
safety. Is that hog dear? Oh, hog dear.
3:50
It's odd.
3:55
The speed that an animal that size can
3:59
eat is pretty incredible. Hog deer, it's
4:01
not the largest deer there by no means,
4:03
but hog dear is not I mean it's a pretty
4:05
big animal and in 3540 minutes to eat
4:09
half of an animal like that. It's pretty
4:10
impressive. It's hard to see how big a
4:14
Bengal tiger is. A female could be 100
4:16
to 160 kg. A male could reach up to 258
4:20
kg. That is a spectacularly large
4:23
animal. Pretty crazy. I mean, if it
4:24
smacked you around the head, you
4:25
wouldn't have a head.
4:28
>> I imagine the fact that they killed it
4:30
probably like 354 minutes ago. It's
4:34
almost
4:35
half.
4:36
>> Mhm. The
4:37
>> speed is incredible, isn't it?
4:40
>> Yeah.
4:41
>> I really want to just quickly check out
4:44
the kill to see how she killed it.
4:48
Another
4:53
thing you don't do, talk about mistaken
4:56
identity is the reason that tigers kill.
4:58
So going up to a tiger's kill like this
5:01
and then crouching down. Tigers are
5:04
obligate ambush hunters. So what they do
5:06
is they hear sounds, they stalk, they
5:09
get very, very close to their prey. They
5:11
have a very very powerful grappling
5:14
force that allows them to jump onto
5:16
prey, hold it down, and if it's small,
5:19
they'll bite at the back of the neck,
5:21
severing the spine for an immediate
5:23
kill. Or if it's larger, they'll come to
5:25
the front and kill through asphyxiation.
5:27
But it happens incredibly quickly. And
5:29
once the tiger gets into its stalk and
5:31
ambush and hunting behavior, that's kind
5:34
of it for you. What you want to do to
5:35
avoid being attacked by tigers really is
5:38
just be in their field of awareness. If
5:41
the cat can see you, it's not really
5:43
going to come for you. This is sort of
5:45
long grass where the cat's stashed its
5:48
food and then crouching down to a sort
5:50
of come kill me position. But we know
5:52
that the cat's not there. But this is
5:54
how people get killed. You know, you
5:55
crouch down in long grass. The cat
5:57
doesn't know what it is. Thinks it's
5:58
probably a deer. jumps and by the time
6:00
it's made its kill and realize what you
6:03
are, it's too late.
6:08
>> So if uh normally one tiger and then
6:11
enough for the few days, but here Jugni
6:14
and she have a cop and that maybe they
6:17
can finish until this evening like 1
6:19
hour ago they kill and like almost half
6:23
eaten. So maybe they finish until this
6:26
evening I guess.
6:29
This is my first kill size fidget spen
6:32
from distance. I never seen that much
6:34
close.
6:35
>> You've never seen one this close before?
6:36
>> Yeah. This this vessel.
6:39
>> That's cool. Like the fact that Sushilla
6:42
is the first time visiting a kill site.
6:43
Being able to facilitate new experiences
6:45
for the local team safely is super cool
6:48
because obviously we're learning an
6:50
unbelievable amount from Sushilla and
6:51
Mju and the rest of the team there. But
6:53
it's just cool to have like ability from
6:55
our technology to give something back.
6:59
>> This is already amazing and maybe seal
7:02
somewhere close. So now I think we
7:04
should go
7:06
>> from this area.
7:13
Did you back?
7:21
She saw deer and then come here is crash
7:23
down and she's waiting to come dear very
7:27
close and then she jumps
7:30
deer over there. I think that thing
7:32
happened like hour ago.
7:34
>> Her ability to read the ground is just
7:38
second to none. like walking around and
7:40
you might not see something that she's
7:43
already read the whole story and she's
7:45
been collecting all of the information,
7:46
but it's just wicked to see how
7:49
Sushila's skills can tell us so much
7:52
about the environment. I mean, it's so
7:53
cool. She really does know everything
7:55
about tigers and everything about the
7:57
environment.
7:59
Look, that must have been where she
8:01
jumped, right?
8:03
Really, really deep.
8:06
That's the last the last footprint
8:09
before the kill.
8:11
Just seeing the aftermath of something
8:14
so brutal and so fast and so powerful.
8:27
That's the end.
8:29
Woo. Yeah, I love it so much. One other
8:32
thing I'll say is just looking at it
8:34
back just brings back how exciting and
8:37
amazing this was and it was the most
8:39
incredible team. There were 17 of us on
8:41
the ground working on this production.
8:42
We had such an incredible time making
8:45
this program. So just watching it back,
8:47
it's so nostalgic and I'm jealous of
8:49
both Sushilla and I getting to
8:51
experience it there because it just was
8:52
such a magical place. It is just the
8:54
most incredible experience being there
8:56
on the ground and seeing what it's
8:57
really like. Amazing. I can't wait for
9:00
everyone to see it. It's really good.
9:04
I've been given some quickfire questions
9:07
about our new series, Tiger Island, and
9:09
I haven't seen any of these, so bear
9:12
with me if I can't answer.
9:18
Absolutely. Yeah. I mean, I had to run
9:20
back and read papers and like call
9:22
colleagues. I mean, tigers are solitary
9:26
animals. Never would I have expected
9:29
adjacent female in a territory next to
9:32
another female, both have cubs, to come
9:34
together and for one female to leave her
9:36
cubs with another tigress, and then her
9:39
seemingly be absolutely fine, crashing
9:42
and looking after all of them, walking
9:44
away from the area, crossing a river
9:45
with five cubs in tow, three of which
9:48
are not her own and a vastly different
9:50
age from her own cubs, only to come back
9:52
and then to see those two tigers with
9:55
their cubs back where they're supposed
9:57
to be in following days. That's
9:59
effectively hub sharing.
10:03
The reason we haven't uh been able to
10:05
see these behaviors until now is because
10:06
these animals are hiding. They've
10:07
evolved to hide. They live in dense
10:09
undergrowth. They're obligate ambush
10:11
hunters, which means they only show
10:13
themselves at the final moments before
10:15
they kill something. And every other
10:16
situation, they want to stay hidden.
10:18
Camera traps allowed us to get into
10:20
those worlds early on, but they're very
10:22
limited. You know, we put a camera trap
10:24
in a very specific location trying to
10:25
find a very specific thing. And often
10:28
that small plane of vision, that image
10:30
that the camera trap is showing us, only
10:33
video has come out recently. Former
10:35
camera traps only showed photographs.
10:37
And you can't see detailed behaviors in
10:40
these very limited images. Now, being
10:44
able to use drones, as we have in this
10:46
series, far away with long lenses that
10:49
can zoom really effectively so that the
10:51
cat can't even hear the drone. It
10:54
doesn't know that it's there. And
10:55
therefore, they're showing these really
10:57
intimate social behaviors, cub rearing
11:00
behaviors that nobody will ever be able
11:02
to see without doing it from the sky
11:05
because they do those behaviors and they
11:06
show they exhibit those behaviors when
11:08
nothing else is seeing them.
11:13
Yeah, for sure. Anna, for example, is
11:15
trying to get those most beautiful
11:17
images that best showcase the tiger and
11:19
their behavior. Whereas for me, I'm
11:22
looking at it in terms of how do we have
11:24
the longest uninterrupted vision of an
11:26
animal and record it because all of this
11:28
is data. We're seeing behaviors that we
11:30
still don't understand a lot about. And
11:33
for me, that's what's most exciting
11:35
about this. It's seeing what these kinds
11:38
of programs can give us and the
11:41
collaboration which is really important
11:44
between film making and science
11:49
how cold it was honestly I should have
11:52
known but it was quite cold and I was
11:54
not prepared and not a lot of us were
11:57
prepared the temperature changes so much
11:59
in that habitat and then getting onto
12:01
the island it's totally wild you can
12:03
hear birds everywhere it's so like
12:06
vibrant and full of life and loud with
12:08
wildlife, but there's this thick mat of
12:11
mist across the whole island. The first
12:15
thing I noticed in Nepal was just how
12:16
utterly beautiful it is. And I think a
12:18
lot of people when you hear Nepal, you
12:20
might think about the Himalayas, high
12:23
mountains, Everest, but actually this
12:25
terriarch landscape that is home to such
12:28
a thriving population of incredibly rare
12:31
and beautiful animals is such a special
12:33
part of the country. And I'm so excited
12:35
for people to learn more about it
12:37
because it is just utterly beautiful.
12:39
Rhinos, elephants, tigers, all living
12:41
together. Yeah, it's very, very cool.
12:43
This is fun. I want to answer all of
12:44
them. Let's spend all day doing this.
12:50
H I mean, it's pretty intense. Tigers
12:53
are cropuscular animals, which means
12:55
that they're most active at dawn and
12:58
dusk, which means if we're going to see
13:00
them moving, we also have to be most
13:02
active at dawn and dusk. So, we're up
13:04
super early out there with all of our
13:06
equipment lugging across rivers, walking
13:09
through dense terrain trying to find
13:11
these tigers. And we've got to be there
13:13
earlier than their most active times
13:14
anyway because when we get there, we
13:16
have to locate them. And we're flying up
13:18
thermal drones at first light. And then
13:20
we'd like nap during the middle of the
13:21
day when it is sweltering. So, it's like
13:25
extremely hot in the middle of the day,
13:27
kind of chilly in the morning. Every
13:29
sense is being battered at all times,
13:31
but it's so worth it. the experiences
13:33
you have. You might have the most
13:34
difficult day of your life and then see
13:36
some spectacular behavior that maybe no
13:39
one's ever seen before. And yeah, it
13:41
makes it worth it tenfold.
13:46
We were in drone camp and Anna was
13:49
following Mara and her incredibly
13:53
adorable three cubs and this new male
13:57
came onto the island and that's
13:58
terrifying because tigers are sexually
14:02
territorial. A male will have a
14:04
territory range and within that
14:06
territory range you might get two or
14:08
three or sometimes four females with
14:09
their own ranges. But males don't cross
14:12
over with other males. When a cat comes
14:14
into a new area, if it's able to take
14:16
over a territory of a male, the first
14:17
thing that it will attempt to do if
14:19
they're a cub of the resident females,
14:21
the male will try to kill them. Because
14:23
if the male wants to sire their own
14:25
offspring with those females, they need
14:27
to make sure that they bring them back
14:29
into estrus and they're not defending a
14:31
territory of another male's cubs. And
14:33
that immediately makes us terrified
14:35
because the most dangerous time of a
14:37
tiger's life is when it's very, very
14:40
young. And huge numbers of young tigers
14:42
get killed by males. We had to go to bed
14:45
not know what was going to happen
14:46
overnight. And that was absolutely the
14:48
scariest part because it takes it from
14:51
making a program or feeling excited
14:54
about being in such a magical place to
14:55
suddenly realizing this is the reality
14:57
of these animals lives. So it is just a
14:59
horrible scary moment that we might wake
15:01
up the next day and all of our cubs that
15:05
we've loved so much and watch grow up
15:07
might be gone.
15:12
We wouldn't have been able to do what we
15:14
did without the local community support
15:16
from the drivers, the fixers, and
15:19
obviously Sushilla and Mju, the expert
15:21
rangers that we work with. We'd just be
15:23
lost without them.
15:29
I want people to feel there's hope for
15:32
endangered species, that the world's
15:35
most iconic big cat is on the rise. I
15:39
hope that we can transport people on
15:41
their Sunday night uh to a special world
15:44
that actually exists and remind young
15:46
people that these species are still out
15:48
there and pursuing careers in
15:50
conservation and science mean that one
15:52
day you might be out there looking at
15:54
tigers in the wild and studying them as
15:56
well.
