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The missing ingredient in how we learn
The missing ingredient in how we learn
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Phụ đề (88)
0:07
In 1851, the Prussian government feared that Friedrich Fröbel’s
0:11
scandalous new approach to education might teach disobedience
0:15
and lead to peasant rebellion.
0:18
The name of Fröbel’s school?
0:20
Kindergarten.
0:22
Its controversial curriculum included singing and dancing,
0:26
gardening, painting, and playing.
0:29
Prussia banned kindergarten,
0:31
enforcing a strict system of supervised classrooms and government-approved lessons
0:36
that clearly separated learning time from play time.
0:40
And over the next century,
0:42
the Prussian model inspired public school systems around the world.
0:47
But while it might seem traditional now,
0:50
the belief that play and learning are at odds with each other
0:53
is a relatively new idea.
0:56
Before the last few centuries,
0:58
children around the world spent most of their time learning through play:
1:03
observing and mimicking adults, roaming their surroundings,
1:07
and sharing what they learned with friends and family.
1:10
Many communities and educators still believe play
1:14
is one of the best teachers we have,
1:16
and they’ve taken a variety of approaches
1:18
to keep this kind of self-directed learning alive.
1:23
In his Kindergartens,
1:25
Fröbel provided specially designed toys
1:28
to help kids learn concepts like volume, density,
1:31
and even the principles of geometry.
1:34
And today, Montessori schools continue to embrace toy-based learning.
1:40
Montessori toys— or materials, as they call them—
1:43
are rigorously designed to isolate and teach specific concepts.
1:48
For example to learn math,
1:51
babies and toddlers might explore dimension with fat wooden cylinders,
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then unlock more spatial reasoning with a set of pink, stackable blocks.
2:00
Older children tackle a set of brown stairs to learn about height,
2:05
while a series of red rods reveals the secrets of length and balance.
2:10
Teachers gently guide this exploration by asking students questions
2:15
and suggesting material specific activities—
2:18
like arranging the rods in order of size.
2:21
But Montessori classrooms also have a range of ages
2:25
and low teacher to student ratios
2:27
to encourage students to explore the materials together
2:31
and learn from each other.
2:34
Reggio Emilia schools also give students sensory objects to explore together,
2:39
but they're especially focused on letting the students direct their learning.
2:44
Every corner of a Reggio classroom is designed to reward curiosity,
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allowing students to follow their interests
2:52
and express themselves with a variety of artistic tools.
2:56
Even when Reggio teachers do assign formal projects,
3:00
they start by asking students open-ended questions—
3:04
from how to make a model ship float or sink
3:07
to how they should decorate an art studio.
3:10
Then they design the project to explore the student’s assumptions and interests,
3:14
weaving in their curriculum along the way.
3:19
Skeptics might argue that self-directed learning lets kids avoid the subjects
3:23
they’re not as interested in,
3:25
leading some students to fall behind.
3:27
But most of these schools use an interdisciplinary approach
3:31
to ensure no subject is left behind.
3:34
For example, in project-based Laboratory Schools,
3:38
the day might start by solving a number puzzle,
3:41
then using the answers to compose a piece of music or three dimensional art.
3:47
By choosing to explore overlapping concepts through multiple projects,
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teachers can show different practical applications
3:55
that make abstract ideas feel concrete and useful.
3:59
In all these models, giving students more agency comes with challenges.
4:03
Different kids have different needs,
4:05
so educators have to be sensitive and able to adapt.
4:09
From rearranging the room to redirecting attention,
4:12
teachers need to respond to each student
4:14
while maintaining a safe, playful environment for all.
4:19
This requires buckets of emotional intelligence, prep time,
4:23
and trust from both parents and their school’s administration.
4:28
But for many educators and learners, the effort is worth it.
4:33
A 2023 analysis of over 30 studies
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found that Montessori education outperformed traditional schools
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in language and math learning,
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as well as in developing creativity and social skills.
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And these benefits go beyond early learning.
4:49
Many universities are moving from lecture-based learning
4:53
towards long-term projects and roundtable discussions.
4:57
MIT’s Lifelong Kindergarten
5:00
tries to extend a playful, creativity-first approach
5:04
to learners of all ages,
5:06
giving students a variety of physical and digital tools
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to explore, experiment, and express themselves.
5:14
Some architecture and engineering students even use Fröbel’s special toys
5:19
to hone their design principles and spatial reasoning—
5:22
showing that it’s not only children who learn through play.
