Fungus Found in Chernobyl Could Protect Astronauts from Radiation

Future Mars residents may don special suits that utilize living organisms to shield against harmful radiation.

A unique fungus has been discovered growing inside the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, one of the most radioactive locations on the planet.

This unusual fungus has a velvety texture and has been observed clinging to the walls of the reactor's shelter, where radiation levels are extremely high.

Experts believe that this fungus could hold the key to protecting astronauts from radiation in space, and may also be used to safeguard individuals living on the Moon and Mars.

The Chernobyl disaster, which occurred in 1986, was the worst nuclear accident in history and resulted in thousands of fatalities over time; cleanup efforts are expected to continue until 2065.

During surveys of the exclusion zone in the late 1990s, a community of fungi was discovered thriving in the aftermath of the disaster, including the newly found cadosporium sphaerospermum.

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The Chernobyl Nuclear power plant was photographed just three days after the explosion, providing a glimpse into the devastating aftermath.

Scientists identified 37 species of fungi in the area, many of which had dark coloring due to the presence of melanin, the same pigment found in human skin and hair.

One particular fungus, cadosporium sphaerospermum, stood out for its ability to outgrow its competitors in environments with high levels of radiation.

When exposed to additional radiation in a laboratory setting, the fungus continued to grow and thrive, rather than withering away.

The melanin in the fungus's cells appeared to not only shield it from radiation but also harness energy from its surroundings, allowing it to power itself.

Previous research suggested that melanin in fungi may play a role similar to that of chlorophyll in plants, enabling the organism to convert environmental radiation into usable energy.

In 2022, a team of researchers launched a sample of the black fungus into space, where it was attached to the exterior of the International Space Station.

Sensors placed beneath the fungus recorded decreased radiation levels, indicating that the organism may have potential as a shielding material.

If a living, self-repairing coating can effectively reduce radiation, it could lead to the development of bio-armour for future space habitats.

This technology could potentially be used to line spacecraft, lunar bases, or Mars outposts with a thin, living layer to protect against radiation.

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