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When voting rights didn't protect all women - Video học tiếng Anh
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When voting rights didn't protect all women
When voting rights didn't protect all women
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[Music]
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for black women the story of voting
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rights
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is a long one
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very early on at the dawn of the 19th
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century
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they are already at work on a political
0:14
philosophy that decries racism and
0:17
sexism in american politics
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but constitutionally speaking it begins
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with the 15th amendment because black
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women also need
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race to be an impermissible criteria
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if they're to get to the polls sojourner
0:31
truth is a name
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people might know the former slave
0:35
anti-slavery activist and women's rights
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activist
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francis ellen watkins harper poet
0:40
anti-slavery lecturer
0:43
we also have figures like nanny helen
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burrows
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id wells was another major activist that
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people don't necessarily associate
0:50
with the suffrage movement but she
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absolutely was
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black women never find a very
0:56
comfortable home in women's suffrage
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associations racism is always
1:01
present sometimes in very pronounced
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ways
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we have pictures of parades marches
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women dressed up
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in sort of late 19th early 20th century
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victorian
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gear hats large hats carrying signs
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about votes for women
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and most of these images are of white
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women
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the key figures are a remarkable
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duo of women elizabeth katie stanton
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and susan b anthony and those two women
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will take us to the 19th amendment
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in august of 1920 the state of tennessee
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will by a mere one vote ratify the 19th
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amendment an amendment that prohibits
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the states from using
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sex as a criteria for voting and it will
1:48
become part of the constitution
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and american women win the right to vote
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so for white woman it was the end of a
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long fight but for many black women it
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was just the beginning of an uphill
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battle to exercise those rights
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african-american women are aware but
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really everyone is aware
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that nothing in the 19th amendment is
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going to prohibit
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individual states from continuing to
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disenfranchise
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black voters and so the first election
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that they had after the bill passed
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the white women were going to vote and
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we'd just step and went to vote
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and when we got on there well we
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couldn't vote
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they gave us all different kind of
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excuses why
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we just stayed we stayed we asked we
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wanted to know why we couldn't vote and
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the
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answers to the questions were so invalid
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we were not satisfied
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so finally one woman mrs simmons said
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are you saying that we can't vote
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because we're negros
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and he said yes negroes don't vote in
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primary in texas
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so that just hurt our hearts real bad
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and so the 19th amendment even as we
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mark this
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anniversary it leaves many many american
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women
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to continue the struggle for political
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rights including the vote
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and african-american women are one
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chapter or one facet of that story
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there's nothing in the 19th amendment
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that guarantees chinese
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immigrant women the vote there's nothing
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in the 19th amendment that guarantees to
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native american
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women the vote latinx women particularly
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mexican-american women
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also occupy an ambiguous place
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in the story of voting rights
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for black women the right to vote is
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symbolic
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and that's not to diminish symbolism
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it's to say
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that the right to vote is a sign that
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they are
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full and equal citizens of the united
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states
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african-american women are facing the
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challenges
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of racial violence lynching and
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access to the polls african-american
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women are looking at a range
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of inequalities economic inequalities
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housing inequalities health inequalities
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educational inequalities and access
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to the ballot is a lever in those
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struggles
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it is the gateway to sitting on juries
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it is the gateway to office holding
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black women have an agenda and it is an
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ambitious one
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and one that they hope the vote will
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help them
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further it wasn't easy
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to try to get people to come out to go
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and try to register to vote because
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the first time that we went we had a
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circle around the courthouse
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of pickup trucks and rifles
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and white people getting ready to stop
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us only four people got in that whole
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day
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what did the white people have to fear
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from somebody blacks registering if they
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became a registered voter
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many of the blacks would seek positions
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in the political field they would be out
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they would fight for justice if they
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were
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registered voters they would turn the
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city completely around
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and that is the reason why they did not
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want to see black people become
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registered voters what black women want
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in the wake of the 19th amendment
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is federal legislation that will now
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protect
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their voting rights to impose on those
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states with a history
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of disenfranchising black voters an
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extra requirement
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and black women will wage a campaign
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that will take them
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all the way to 1965 and passage
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of the voting rights act in that year
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it's important to say
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that winning the voting rights act is a
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brutal brutal campaign black americans
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women and men put their lives on the
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line
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in too many southern jurisdictions in
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order to
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force the hand of congress
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to force the hand of lyndon johnson
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to win voting rights legislation
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this is not an easy road for
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african-american
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women it is a harrowing road but it is
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indeed a victory one that black women
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had been looking for
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for nearly half a century
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[Music]
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i know that my grandmother raised my
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mother that they always had to vote
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like it was something that she was born
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in my grandmother
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susie jones her portrait hangs on the
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wall and i am very accountable to her
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even as she passed many years ago
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people ask me why do we need to know
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this history
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today we live in an era of voter
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suppression
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laws that are neutral on their face
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voter id
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requirements or the purging of voter
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rolls
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or the shuttering of polling places none
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of which
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announce that they are aimed at keeping
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voters of color women of color from the
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polls
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but when we look at those laws in
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practice we can recognize that like
7:16
in 1920 in 2020
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seemingly neutral laws are being used to
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disproportionately keep people of color
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away from the polls
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by running for political office and
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affecting
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change on the ground in their
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communities and in their states so we
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now have black women
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running for governorships and we have a
7:39
number of african-americans that we've
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seen
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has shaped elections so i think the idea
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of enfranchisement is also expanded to
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not just being able to vote
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but exercising political power and
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exercising political agency and i think
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that's the legacy
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of the suffrage movement to me these are
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not women who dropped out of the sky
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these are women who come out of a
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political tradition and are building
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upon that and will tell you that
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if you ask them these women and the
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generations
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that followed worked to make democracy
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and opportunity real in the lives of
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all of us who followed
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you
