You're not gonna believe who invented autotune

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0:00♪ Do you believe in life after love ♪

0:05(glass shattering) (cat yowling)

0:06- Here's the story of

0:07how Big Oil changed pop music forever.

0:10By inventing auto-tune?

0:12It all traces back to this guy, Andy Hildebrand.

0:15In the 1980s, Andy's job was to help Exxon

0:17look for oil using software.

0:19The way they look for oil is

0:20by sending sound waves into the ground,

0:22sort of like bats using echolocation to find food.

0:25The reflections of those sound waves could help them

0:27figure out what's down there.

0:29But the ground has all sorts of different densities,

0:31layers, textures.

0:32This meant the signals were full of noise

0:34and kind of hard to decipher.

0:36So Andy developed a computer algorithm

0:37that could isolate useful signals in all the noise.

0:40After Andy retired from the oil business,

0:42he decided to apply his math and computing skills

0:44in an unexpected place, music.

0:46(guitar strumming)

0:48When you sing, what's really happening

0:49is your vocal cords are vibrating

0:51the nearby air molecules at a specific frequency.

0:53If you wiggle the air 440 times per second,

0:56it sounds like an A note,

0:57but just like the noisy ground,

0:59your voice doesn't produce one single clear note.

1:02Your throat and head create all these extra overtones

1:04and undertones that make your voice unique.

1:07The thing is, all those extra tone in your voice

1:09made it really hard for computers to fix off-key singing.

1:12Andy figured out how to use the same signal processing

1:14magic from his oil hunting days

1:16to find a note in a singer's messy voice recording

1:19and kind of nudge it into the right place.

1:21First, it finds the primary pitch being sung by looking for

1:24how long it takes certain patterns in a voice to repeat.

1:27Then it uses some fancy math to split the recording

1:30to different frequencies.

1:31Now, those frequencies can be adjusted one by one,

1:33while still retaining a person's unique vocal fingerprint.

1:37That's how we get pitch correction

1:38without sounding like a chipmunk.

1:40♪ And the more you turn up the effect ♪

1:42♪ The more the software makes big jumps from note to note ♪

1:46Giving that distinct auto-tune pattern that we all know.

1:49And just like that, from the oil field

1:51to the recording studio, auto-tune was born.

1:54Follow me for more cool science videos.

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You're not gonna believe who invented autotune

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