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10 Facts About Herculaneum | Pompeii: Out of Time with Tom Hiddleston | National Geographic - Video học tiếng Anh
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10 Facts About Herculaneum | Pompeii: Out of Time with Tom Hiddleston | National Geographic
10 Facts About Herculaneum | Pompeii: Out of Time with Tom Hiddleston | National Geographic
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Sous-titres (133)
0:00
Salvete, Nat Geo.
0:01
You’ve probably heard of Pompeii,
0:03
the city frozen in ash.
0:05
But just up the coast,
0:06
was another slightly lesser-known town.
0:08
Herculaneum.
0:10
Now, Herculaneum met the same eruption of Mount Vesuvius, but a slightly different fate.
0:17
I’m Professor Tom.
0:19
Not technically a professor.
0:22
That would be lying.
0:23
But in proper academic fashion and rigor,
0:26
here are ten things to know about Herculaneum.
0:31
Number one.
0:32
Herculaneum lay just four miles from Mount Vesuvius.
0:36
Much closer than Pompeii.
0:37
Take a look at this map.
0:39
It’s right here, at the base of Vesuvius.
0:41
In even more imminent danger than Pompeii.
0:43
The eruption came faster.
0:45
It burned hotter.
0:46
But it left the city astonishingly well-preserved.
0:49
Ah, yes! Herculaneum!
0:51
It’s more intimate.
0:52
It’s better-preserved.
0:53
But, definitely richer.
0:55
Number two.
0:56
Herculaneum was smaller, wealthier, and frankly,
0:58
just that bit nicer than Pompeii.
0:59
It was a place that rich noblemen and senators
1:02
would frequent and use the seaside town as a luxurious retreat.
1:06
The centerpiece has arrived.
1:09
A holiday spa, if you will.
1:11
- This is the great Roman Empire. - Vast.
1:13
So, what does Rome do?
1:14
It extracts.
1:15
And that wealth, where does it go?
1:17
Primarily it goes to Rome.
1:19
Right yeah.
1:19
But it's also coming into a lot of other cities and towns.
1:22
Like Herculaneum.
1:23
- Right. - It’s a beneficiary.
1:25
Number three.
1:26
While Pompeii was buried in ash,
1:28
Herculaneum was flash-frozen
1:31
in hot mud and other volcanic debris.
1:33
The heat reached around five hundred degrees Celsius.
1:37
Enough to suffocate life, but preserve the world it left behind.
1:42
Number four.
1:43
Sixty feet of rock pressed down and locked everything in place.
1:47
Wood.
1:47
Food.
1:48
Fabric.
1:49
All the details of a life, interrupted in a second.
1:52
That’s the power of the eruption.
1:54
It’s going to radically change the whole geography
1:56
of the entire Bay of Naples.
1:59
Wow.
2:00
Number five.
2:01
In one villa, an entire library was found.
2:04
The Villa of the Papyri.
2:05
The scrolls were burned, yes.
2:07
But we have discovered many of the words endure
2:09
thanks to new forensic and AI technology.
2:11
And this library gives us an incredible insight
2:14
into Rome’s devotion to ideas.
2:17
That knowledge, itself, was a luxury worth preserving.
2:23
Number six.
2:24
Skeletons survived.
2:26
For centuries, we thought that Herculaneum’s
2:28
residents escaped.
2:29
They escaped by boat.
2:30
By sea.
2:30
Across the Bay of Naples.
2:32
And then, along the shoreline,
2:34
over three hundred families were found.
2:36
Sailors.
2:37
Citizens.
2:39
Mothers and sons.
2:40
Their final moments remind us that history isn’t ruins.
2:44
It’s people.
2:45
With a social fabric displaying courage and closeness.
2:55
Number seven.
2:56
Even wood survived.
2:57
Two thousand years later,
2:59
we have beds, doors,
3:00
even wine racks, which are still intact.
3:02
Details of ordinary life that, even in a catastrophe, they’re what make us all human.
3:06
Oh, and uh...
3:08
trust the Romans to make sure you’ve got the storage for the wine.
3:13
He’s a member of the Praetorian Guard.
3:15
It’s an honor to have him at our table.
3:17
I think.
3:21
Number eight.
3:22
At least a quarter...
3:24
just a quarter of Herculanuem has been unearthed.
3:27
Much of it still sleeps
3:29
beneath the modern town of Ercolano,
3:31
with untold stories just waiting for technology to dig a little deeper.
3:37
Here.
3:40
You left this.
3:41
Check this out!
3:43
A soldier’s sword?
3:43
Soldier’s sword!
3:46
Number nine.
3:47
Modern science is constantly rewriting
3:50
our understanding of Herculaneum’s citizens.
3:52
CT scans, DNA, and artificial intelligence
3:55
are revealing new details about who they were as a people -
3:58
even what they ate and read.
4:03
Hang on a second.
4:04
A spreadsheet...
4:05
is the radical new tech?
4:07
It sure is!
4:08
I developed it myself.
4:10
I think we can be a bit more cinematic.
4:14
And finally, number ten.
4:16
Herculaneum remains one of the most complete
4:19
archaeologically-intact Roman towns on Earth.
4:22
Walls still stand.
4:24
Frescoes still glow.
4:26
There’s so much to discover.
4:29
I do speak a bit of Latin.
4:32
Which, it turns out,
4:33
is enough for National Geographic to have handed me a microphone.
4:36
So, scientia potentia est.
4:40
Knowledge is power.
4:43
And sometimes,
4:45
it’s how the past speaks again.
4:47
If this small lecture has left you wanting more,
4:50
and I do hope it has,
4:52
you’ll find the full story in my new series,
4:54
now streaming on Disney+.
4:56
I hope it’s rather more dynamic, but the Latin holds up.
