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Earth's Spectacular Island Wildlife | BBC Earth
Earth's Spectacular Island Wildlife | BBC Earth
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Subtitle (257)
0:05
Tiny Labord's chameleons, only 3 cm
0:08
long,
0:10
begin to hatch.
0:13
>> [music]
0:22
[music]
0:26
>> They live for only 4 months,
0:30
the shortest lifespan of any
0:32
>> [music]
0:32
>> land vertebrate.
0:39
For this young [music] male,
0:41
it's a race against time.
0:44
>> [music]
0:49
[music]
0:55
[music]
0:57
>> In the dry season,
0:59
there is little food.
1:02
>> [music]
1:03
>> But his hatching is perfectly timed.
1:18
It's the start [music] of the rainy
1:21
season.
1:32
>> [music]
1:38
>> The parched landscape
1:40
>> [music]
1:40
>> is transformed
1:42
into a flush of green.
1:48
Just what this [music] growing chameleon
1:49
needs.
2:01
>> As his eyes can move independently,
2:05
he can spot a meal in any direction.
2:10
And by locking both eyes onto a target,
2:14
judge distance
2:19
with deadly accuracy.
2:30
>> [music]
2:43
>> With so much food on offer,
2:45
the male Labord's chameleon can grow
2:47
five times his size
2:50
in just 2 months,
2:54
transforming into an adult male
2:57
with an eye-catching horn.
3:10
A female approaches.
3:18
But the male has a rival.
3:23
With such short lives, there's fierce
3:26
competition for a chance to mate.
3:34
>> [music]
3:41
[music]
3:46
[music]
3:57
[music]
4:02
>> Locusts.
4:09
>> [music]
4:10
>> They're normally solitary insects.
4:14
But when there's an abundance of crops,
4:18
their numbers can reach plague
4:20
proportions.
4:23
>> [music]
4:26
>> These flightless hoppers can form armies
4:30
a kilometer long.
4:34
>> [music]
4:38
>> But they have only just begun
4:40
on their path of destruction. [music]
4:48
>> [music]
4:52
>> At 5 weeks old,
4:54
they morph into fully fledged [music]
4:56
adults
5:01
>> [music]
5:02
>> and can take to the air
5:04
with their wings.
5:09
>> [music]
5:18
[music]
5:20
>> A swarm this size may only appear
5:22
[music] once in a decade in Madagascar.
5:29
>> [music]
5:37
[music]
5:38
>> Traveling over 80 kilometers a day,
5:41
they can devour [music] 40,000 tons of
5:45
vegetation.
5:49
Including [music] the farmers' precious
5:51
rice crops.
5:56
>> [music]
6:08
>> On reaching the highlands, a plague is
6:11
finally stopped
6:13
by the heavy mountain rains.
6:17
Wet wings prevent the locusts from
6:20
flying
6:21
until eventually the swarm runs out of
6:23
food
6:25
and dies.
6:34
With nightfall,
6:36
the competition in the jungle
6:37
intensifies
6:42
as many of Borneo's 180 species of frog
6:46
now burst into song.
6:56
All singing for a mate.
7:08
The bigger the frog,
7:10
the louder the call.
7:17
But this male tree hole frog is barely
7:20
bigger than a fingernail.
7:24
He'll need to do something special if he
7:27
wants to be heard by a nearby female.
7:32
She may only be meters away,
7:36
but the chorus from the other frogs is
7:38
deafening.
7:44
This tiny male, however,
7:46
has a trick.
7:54
He searches for a tree hole.
8:13
The size and shape of the hole are
8:16
critical.
8:25
He then does something remarkable.
8:31
It begins with a sound check.
8:40
Too low.
8:42
He changes pitch.
8:48
Too high.
8:54
That's it.
9:13
At this specific frequency,
9:16
the tree hole resonates,
9:18
amplifying the sound
9:20
and broadcasting the call
9:23
more than 50 m across the forest.
9:33
For a female,
9:35
it's music to her ears.
9:54
With superb directional hearing,
9:57
she can home in on his calls.
10:14
Finally, the tiny couple meet.
10:22
Hidden from predators, the tree hole
10:24
will go on to make an ideal nursery for
10:27
their tadpoles.
10:30
With little to eat down here,
10:32
many of Borneo's terrestrial mammals are
10:35
smaller than on mainland Asia.
10:53
Confined to her protected forest
10:55
sanctuary,
11:00
the exceedingly rare Bornean sun bear.
11:07
Just over a meter long, it's the
11:10
smallest bear in the world.
11:22
This fallen branch is a valuable treat.
11:30
Filled with wood grubs and beetles.
11:33
Nothing is wasted.
11:39
Even a foul tasting millipede.
11:50
But it's not enough to sustain even this
11:52
little bear.
11:55
The real prize sits high above.
12:01
Guided by her exceptional sense of
12:04
smell.
12:09
It's the sweet scent of honey.
12:22
For larger bears, this beehive may be
12:25
out of reach.
12:34
But being small helps defy gravity.
12:52
With sharp claws and rough pads on her
12:54
feet,
12:57
she can ascend 40 m
13:00
higher than any other bear.
13:42
>> To make it in Borneo's jungle treetops,
13:48
this miniature acrobat has become more
13:51
monkey
13:53
than bear.
14:07
In 1972,
14:09
a pet shop imported several dozen
14:11
Jackson's chameleons from East Africa.
14:16
But,
14:17
they escaped.
14:26
>> [music]
14:31
[music]
14:36
>> Slowly but surely, [music]
14:39
they found their way out of the suburbs
14:44
>> [music]
14:45
>> and up
14:46
into Oahu's forests.
14:49
>> [music]
14:49
>> And that's where the trouble began.
14:59
Horned males joined the escaped females.
15:09
Free from predators
15:11
and with an abundance of food,
15:14
they began eating their way through
15:16
Hawaii's unique wildlife.
15:36
>> Invasive species like these chameleons
15:39
have contributed to the extinction of
15:41
over 500 native species.
15:51
Attempts are now being made to recapture
15:53
the chameleons.
15:55
Part of a much larger effort to save
15:57
Hawaii's native wildlife.
16:00
Even in the most unlikely places.
16:12
In Hawaii's busiest city, Honolulu,
16:15
a white tern chick is just a few days
16:17
old.
16:28
With no nest to protect him,
16:31
he must cling to his street perch
16:35
while he waits for his parents to
16:37
deliver regular supplies of squid and
16:40
small fish.
16:53
These birds were revered by the ancient
16:56
Polynesians.
17:01
They knew that if they saw a white tern
17:04
with a bill full of fish, it was a sure
17:07
sign that land was nearby.
17:14
And yet, it's likely the arrival of
17:16
humans
17:17
wiped them out from the main islands.
17:23
But now the turns are making a comeback.
17:30
In the last 60 years
17:32
their numbers have risen from a single
17:34
pair
17:35
to over 2,000 birds.
17:43
Busy roads may help keep predators away
17:48
and trees planted within the city
17:50
provide safety and prime nesting
17:53
habitat.
18:07
In 6 weeks time this chick will take to
18:11
the air.
18:17
>> [music]
18:22
[music]
18:29
[music]
18:34
>> Fiercely fought over in World War II
18:38
it's now home to 3 million nesting
18:41
seabirds. [music]
18:46
Including the biggest colony [music] of
18:48
Laysan Albatross
19:04
One 4-month-old chick
19:07
is especially hungry.
19:12
Like the thousands other albatross
19:14
chicks,
19:15
he's still flightless and dependent on
19:17
his parents for food.
19:20
But his mother
19:22
is the oldest known living bird in the
19:25
wild.
19:26
An astonishing 67 years old.
19:31
He hasn't seen her for over a week.
19:37
In the searing tropical sun,
19:40
he pants to cool down.
19:50
And can only watch
19:52
while other parents return to feed their
19:55
chicks.
20:15
Finally,
20:16
after two long weeks of waiting,
20:20
the world's oldest known bird
20:24
appears.
20:35
Identified as Z333 on her leg band,
20:40
she's more affectionately known
20:42
as Wisdom.
20:52
To her chick, though,
20:54
she's instantly recognizable
20:57
as Mom.
21:22
>> In her extraordinary lifetime,
21:25
Wisdom has flown almost 5 million
21:28
kilometers
21:29
and successfully raised 37 chicks.
21:34
Today, she's surrounded by three
21:37
generations
21:39
of her extended family.
21:43
But this exceptional great-grandmother
21:47
has no time to rest,
21:49
only staying for 10 minutes
21:52
before leaving
21:53
to search for more food.
22:03
The chick may have one of the most
22:05
experienced moms in the world, but his
22:09
future is uncertain.
