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Where have all the antibiotics gone? - Video học tiếng Anh
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Where have all the antibiotics gone?
Where have all the antibiotics gone?
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0:00
Almost all our antibiotics have been discovered in the exact same way: scientists take a sample
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of soil – which tends to contain tons of microbes – and grow those microbes on a
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petri dish to see if they produce any chemical weapons that could possibly be useful to us.
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Early on, this approach kept turning up new types of antibiotics: some that attack
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bacteria’s cell walls, others that attack their protein production, still others
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that attack their DNA. But in the 1970s, these discoveries stopped; instead, researchers just
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kept finding new variations of the same old types of antibiotics they already knew about.
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Now, the problem had to do with the basic discovery process. Only about 3% of known
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microbes actually reproduce in petri dishes. Because of this discovery drought, doctors haven’t
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been able to prescribe a new type of antibiotic in nearly 40 years. And in the meantime, bacteria
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have been evolving resistance to the antibiotics we DO have, leaving some of these weapons –that
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were once great– powerless. So scientists are switching
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up their search strategies. And these days, researchers don’t
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even have to grow microbes to see what they’re capable of; they can simply sift through their
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DNA to identify potential antibiotic-making genes. Scientists are also looking for microbes in places
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other than soil, like the ocean, which is full of unknown – and potentially useful – microbial life.
