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Nature’s Most Ingenious Hunters With Sir David Attenborough In 4K | BBC Earth - Video học tiếng Anh
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Nature’s Most Ingenious Hunters With Sir David Attenborough In 4K | BBC Earth
Nature’s Most Ingenious Hunters With Sir David Attenborough In 4K | BBC Earth
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자막 (254)
0:00
But leopards are the most versatile of
0:02
all the big cats,
0:04
adept at finding cover in the most
0:07
unpromising places.
0:26
The steep walls of the gully are now her
0:28
cover
0:30
for an ambush.
0:35
The male puku is close enough, but he's
0:39
too big to tackle.
0:42
She needs to slip past him
0:44
without being seen.
0:56
If he spots her, he'll blow her cover.
1:18
Slowly does it.
1:29
To succeed here, she needs to find prey
1:32
grazing close to the edge.
1:35
Or better still, in the gully itself.
2:24
>> Frustration.
2:29
Success would have staved off hunger for
2:31
a week.
2:36
But while there's prey around, there's
2:38
hope.
2:43
Peeking over the top is a risk,
2:45
but it's the quickest way to find a new
2:47
target.
3:15
>> [music]
3:24
>> A burst of speed of 65 km an hour, and
3:27
it's all over in less than 6 seconds.
3:40
Except
3:41
it isn't.
3:51
Dazed and disorientated, the impala
3:54
makes a miraculous escape.
3:56
>> Northern Australia has the highest tides
3:59
in the tropics, which expose vast areas
4:02
of shoreline.
4:08
And here lives a truly extraordinary
4:10
species
4:12
of octopus.
4:14
>> [groaning]
4:24
>> Octopuses are marine animals. They live
4:28
and breathe underwater.
4:36
At low tide, most octopuses will be
4:39
imprisoned in their rocky pools.
4:47
But this is no ordinary octopus.
5:23
It's the only one specially adapted to
5:26
walk on land.
5:30
It pulls itself along using the hundreds
5:33
of tiny suckers that line its arms.
5:42
Hunting for crabs, it walks from pool to
5:46
pool.
5:58
Apart from a rather startled fish,
6:05
this one is empty.
6:17
So, the octopus moves on.
6:37
A rock pool may seem like a safe refuge.
6:47
But, the octopus's suckers enable it to
6:50
move just [music] as stealthily in water
6:53
as out of it.
7:34
Nowhere is safe when this octopus is
7:37
around.
7:42
It's called
7:43
bark spider and the female has a
7:46
remarkable strategy.
8:07
Like a real-life spider-woman,
8:10
she sprays strands of silk in one long
8:14
continuous flow.
8:19
>> [music]
8:19
>> The threads fan out like a sail and
8:22
drift on air currents blowing across the
8:24
water.
8:26
Every few seconds, she crimps the
8:28
strands together to stop them spreading
8:31
too widely.
8:34
The breeze will do the rest,
8:37
blowing the threads into a single line
8:39
and a 25-m bridge.
8:45
Now, she must reinforce her bridge
8:47
because her web will hang from it.
8:55
But there's something bouncing the line
8:57
[music] at the other end.
9:00
Another Darwin spider is trying to take
9:02
advantage of her hard work.
9:12
She must deal with the intruder head-on.
9:19
The cut line is an inconvenience, but no
9:22
more than that.
9:25
With hooks on the tips of each leg, she
9:28
gathers in the thread.
9:35
It won't go to waste as she'll eat it
9:37
later.
9:40
>> [music]
9:45
>> When it's all reeled in, she sprays
9:48
again.
9:52
Out streams another 25 m bridging line.
10:04
How a spider, no bigger than a
10:06
thumbnail, can produce so much silk so
10:09
quickly has baffled scientists.
10:15
And it's no ordinary silk. It's the
10:18
toughest natural fiber on the planet,
10:20
tougher than steel.
10:24
And it needs [music] to be tough to span
10:26
the wide river.
10:31
With the bridge taut and the ground
10:33
anchor in place,
10:35
it's time to construct her trap.
10:50
These spiders [music] can build the
10:51
world's largest orb webs, up to 2 m
10:55
wide.
10:59
A few hours from [music] the first spray
11:01
of bridging line,
11:03
the job is done.
11:09
Now, her strategy is simple.
11:12
Sit and wait.
11:33
And there's one final bout of silk
11:36
production.
11:38
Shrink-wrapping her food for later.
11:41
Hunting is only possible for 3 hours
11:44
around low tide when the mud banks are
11:47
exposed.
11:53
Razor sharp oysters cover much of the
11:56
shore.
11:58
Beaching here could be lethal.
12:10
The hunters need to find a stretch of
12:12
shoreline with just the right slope.
12:18
Too level and the dolphins risk
12:20
stranding.
12:26
Too steep and they can't force their
12:28
prey from the water.
12:42
Working as a team, the dolphins surround
12:45
the fish driving them towards the shore.
13:11
Attacking in perfect synchrony, the
13:13
dolphins create a bow wave.
13:17
>> [music]
13:21
>> It carries their prey onto the muddy
13:24
banks.
13:39
>> Other fish eaters profit from their
13:41
daring.
13:47
Herons and gulls follow every hunt.
14:03
To get to the fish first, the dolphins
14:06
drive themselves high up the bank.
14:09
But if they go too far, they risk the
14:11
stranding.
14:20
>> [music]
14:25
>> To prevent fish escaping between them,
14:28
the dolphins all beat themselves [music]
14:30
on the same side.
14:35
Always the right.
14:39
But this has a cost. Each time they grab
14:42
a fish, they also take in a mouthful of
14:45
mud.
14:48
The grit gradually wears down their
14:50
teeth.
14:55
But on one side only.
15:03
In time, these teeth get so worn down
15:06
that older dolphins can no longer hunt
15:08
like this and must find other ways to
15:11
catch fish.
15:13
>> The army [clears throat] ant.
15:18
>> This may look [music] like a ball of a
15:19
million individuals, but make no
15:22
mistake.
15:24
The colony acts as one.
15:29
A superorganism with a sensory system of
15:32
2 million antennae.
15:36
A skeleton made from the living bodies
15:39
of workers.
15:44
A defense system of soldier ants
15:48
ready to act at any sign of danger.
15:53
A digestive system processing piles of
15:56
food deep inside.
16:01
Even a coordinated [music] system for
16:03
dealing with all the waste.
16:09
These are insects that [music] by
16:11
working together transcend individual
16:13
size.
16:18
The colony can search the [music] entire
16:20
jungle
16:23
and flush out its wildlife.
16:32
Each day it sends [music] out a silent
16:34
probe into the forest
16:36
in quest of food.
16:45
It doesn't use scouts like other ants.
16:52
Instead, a vast search party pushes into
16:55
virgin territory
17:02
seeking out the signs of anything alive.
17:18
They spread out along a 10-m front,
17:21
sweeping across the forest floor.
17:26
To find prey, the ants must first touch
17:29
it.
17:31
The irony is that this, the most
17:33
successful hide-and-seek player in the
17:35
forest, is almost [music] completely
17:38
blind.
17:41
It distinguishes the living only by
17:44
their movement.
17:48
As long as an animal remains still, it
17:51
is safe.
17:55
But the slightest twitch will give it
17:58
away.
18:02
>> [music]
18:03
>> Within seconds, the prey is pinned down.
18:09
Within minutes, it's torn apart at its
18:12
joints.
18:16
>> [music]
18:17
>> The more the prey struggles, the more
18:19
the ants engage.
18:24
>> [music]
18:26
>> Right across the raid front, prey of all
18:29
sizes are driven from their hiding
18:31
places.
18:36
Even wasps must abandon their homes when
18:39
the ants arrive.
18:45
Everything alive in the path of the
18:48
raiders
18:49
overwhelmed
18:51
by sheer numbers.
18:55
Food is so hard to find this far north
18:58
that a wolf pack must search hundreds of
19:00
square kilometers if it's to be
19:02
successful.
19:04
And success means raising [music] the
19:07
next generation.
19:13
To do that here, the wolves must work
19:16
together.
19:20
So, the young are raised not only by
19:23
their parents, but by their aunts and
19:25
uncles as well.
19:32
Together, they try to ensure that each
19:34
pup reaches near adult size before the
19:37
snow returns.
19:42
A growing pup needs more than just a few
19:44
lemmings.
19:48
The wolves need bigger prey, and to
19:50
catch that,
19:53
they must hunt as a pack.
20:10
>> [music]
20:17
>> Adult hares may be easy to spot,
20:20
but they're far from easy to catch.
20:25
They run at 60 km an hour.
20:33
To catch one, the wolves work as a team.
21:18
>> One of them gets close enough to bite
21:20
the hare's tail.
21:23
>> [music]
21:25
>> But a hare can change direction in an
21:28
instant.
21:38
If it can continue [music] to sidestep
21:40
and it may ultimately outlast
21:42
them.
21:56
Finally, it gets away.
22:11
For the next hare, the whole pack gives
22:14
chase.
22:30
Now, numbers count.
22:34
The lead wolves keep up the pace. Others
22:37
run on either side so the hare can't
22:40
change [music] direction.
22:48
A tiny meal for the whole pack.
23:09
>> Mhm.
