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Why the #US is racing to make #chips again after #Taiwan became the world's top manufacturer
Why the #US is racing to make #chips again after #Taiwan became the world's top manufacturer
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คำบรรยาย (54)
0:01
The US invented semiconductor chips in
0:04
the 1950s and for a long time it
0:07
dominated this industry. Intel, founded
0:10
in 1968 in California, was at the
0:13
forefront.
0:15
It was the first to put the most
0:17
important parts of a computer onto a
0:19
single chip and sell it commercially.
0:23
>> One result, computers that once filled
0:26
rooms now occupy cabinet space.
0:30
For a long time, Intel was better at
0:32
making those chips than almost anyone.
0:35
>> It is not every day that we introduce a
0:37
new microprocessor generation. It just
0:39
seems like it.
0:40
>> By the 1990s, Intel had become the
0:43
biggest semiconductor manufacturer in
0:45
the world. But that was about to change
0:49
because Intel's factories were mostly
0:51
optimized for building chips for PCs.
0:55
This symbol outside means you have the
0:58
standard inside that an entire library
1:01
of software has been written to.
1:05
Behind the scenes, Apple was building
1:07
what would become the biggest device in
1:10
decades, the iPhone. But it needed
1:14
different chips. In the mid200s, Apple
1:17
gave Intel a shot at building them, but
1:19
Intel walked away from the deal, betting
1:22
on PCs instead. Right as the market was
1:25
about to shift away from them, Intel was
1:29
reportedly hesitant to invest in the
1:31
massive factory pivot needed to make
1:34
Apple's chips.
1:36
It was splitting its budget between
1:38
designing chips, which is super
1:40
expensive, and manufacturing them, too.
1:44
While many chip companies had already
1:46
chosen to specialize in one or the
1:48
other, most manufacturers were based in
1:51
Asia, where labor was cheaper.
1:54
These factories could dump their entire
1:56
budgets into upgrading tools and
1:59
pivoting if a chip designer in the US
2:01
needed them to. So they ended up with
2:04
more deals.
2:06
That's how Taiwan's semiconductor
2:08
manufacturing company or TSMC rose to
2:12
the top. Today, chip companies turned to
2:14
TSMC more than any other manufacturer,
2:17
giving it control of about 70% of the
2:20
foundry market. But the US government
2:22
now sees this as a major geopolitical
2:26
risk.
