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How Every Major Nazi Leader Died - Video học tiếng Anh
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How Every Major Nazi Leader Died
How Every Major Nazi Leader Died
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คำบรรยาย (311)
0:00
Number 30:
0:01
Heinrich Himmler. Chief of the SS, assistant chief of the Gestapo, and one of the architects
0:05
of the Holocaust. He and Hitler had a falling out in the dog days of World War II after he
0:10
tried to go behind the Fuhrer’s back to broker a peace deal - and Hitler ordered his arrest.
0:15
Himmler slipped away from his former inner circle by disguising himself as a soldier.
0:19
For a brief moment, it seemed like the architect of so much terror might vanish into the chaos of
0:24
a collapsing Reich. After more than a week on the run, Himmler was captured by a patrol
0:29
of former Soviet POWS on May 21st, 1945. He was then handed over to the British.
0:35
But Himmler decided to settle his own trial out of court with a concealed
0:39
cyanide pill the next day, causing a quick, but thankfully painful, death.
0:44
But that’s nothing compared to some of the gruesome fates that awaited the top brass
0:48
of the Nazi death machine. I’m Josh, and this is how every major Nazi leader died.
0:53
Number 29:
0:55
Adolf Eichmann was another one of the key players in the Holocaust - and if you’ve ever heard the
0:59
phrase “the banality of evil,” it was coined in response to him. Eichmann was captured by
1:04
Mossad agents in Argentina before standing trial in Israel - where he infamously took no
1:09
responsibility for his crimes. He claimed that he was just an obedient bureaucrat following orders.
1:15
Of course, that didn’t work.
1:16
He was sentenced to death on December 15th, 1961. After some time on death
1:21
row, he was taken to the gallows and hanged on May 31st, 1962. His body was cremated,
1:27
and the ashes thrown into the mediterranean sea.
1:29
If Eichmann claimed he was just shuffling papers,
1:32
the next Nazi put on a lab coat and made cruelty disturbingly personal.
1:37
Number 28:
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Known as “The Angel of Death”, Josef Mengele became infamous for his grotesque
1:42
human experiments on innocent prisoners at the Auschwitz concentration camp.
1:46
He was also one of the many Nazis who fled to South America via the ratlines.
1:51
But justice catches up with everyone eventually in one form or another.
1:55
Mengele spent his last years broke, paranoid,
1:58
and miserable. He was so afraid of getting caught that he chewed on his
2:02
own hair until a ball of hair obstructed his intestines. But Mengele never did get caught.
2:08
Instead, in 1979, he had a stroke while in his swimming pool,
2:11
sinking to the bottom from paralysis and drowning in his last panicked minutes.
2:16
And Mengele wasn’t the only one to face his reckoning.
2:19
Number 27:
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Another powerful logistical force in the Holocaust, Reinhard Heydrich was one of the
2:25
orchestrators behind Kristallnacht. He was so scary and brutal that Hitler called him,
2:30
“the man with the iron heart.” Few were more feared and hated than Heydrich,
2:34
but appropriately, he also had one of the most gruesome and painful deaths in the regime.
2:39
Two Czechoslovak assassins ambushed Heydrich in Prague-Liben on May 27th,
2:44
1942. After an attempt to gun the Nazi down failed, they threw a converted anti-tank
2:50
mine at Heydrich’s car. The resulting explosion peppered his body with shrapnel.
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He suffered through a week of excruciating treatment as the infection took hold. Just
2:59
as it seemed he might recover, Heydrich went into shock, slipped into a coma, and died on June 4th.
3:05
Even the Fuhrer’s right-hand man couldn’t escape the inevitable.
3:08
Number 26:
3:09
Much like Himmler, Rudolf Hess was one of Hitler’s closest allies… until he decided
3:14
to betray him. Hess was by Hitler’s side during the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch,
3:18
helped him dictate Mein Kampf in prison, and acted as deputy Fuhrer until 1941. That’s
3:24
when he made the completely bizarre decision to fly to Scotland to try to negotiate for peace.
3:30
Arrested for being an enemy of peace and disowned by Hitler as a traitor, Hess would
3:34
spend the next 46 years in prison, before meeting the reaper in 1987, aged 93. He decided to make a
3:40
fashionable new necktie out of an extension cord, and then gravity did the rest for us.
3:45
Hess was a traitor, but next, a master manipulator who nearly rewrote history.
3:50
Number 25:
3:51
Albert Speer was a monster with incredible PR.
3:55
He was an accomplished architect, Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production,
4:00
and a close friend of Adolf Hitler. He managed to avoid a death sentence at
4:03
the Nuremberg Trials by convincing the public that he was an innocent
4:07
figure swept up inside the Nazi machine - a statement which has been widely debunked.
4:12
After getting out of prison in 1966, he made himself a grim international celebrity,
4:17
giving interviews and writing extensively on the Third Reich from the inside - always
4:22
painting himself as a lot nicer than he was, of course. He went to London in 1981 to participate
4:27
in a TV interview program, where he suffered a stroke and dropped dead on September 1st.
4:32
If you thought you’d seen evil, get ready - the next figure takes it to a whole new level.
4:38
Number 24:
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Oskar Dirlewanger was called “The Worst Nazi” by some, which is really saying something.
4:45
He was a psychopath and a sexual sadist of the worst kind, commander of the Dirlewanger Brigade,
4:50
a penal unit made purely of violent prisoners. He and his men committed horrific atrocities
4:55
across Eastern Europe, putting down uprisings and doing unimaginable things to civilians.
5:00
He was arrested on June 1st, 1945, when trying to escape after the war ended,
5:05
where he ended up in a detention center run by Polish guards. Interestingly,
5:09
Dirlewanger died of “Natural Causes” within a week. Though really, when one
5:14
of your nicknames is “The Butcher of Warsaw” and you end up in the hands of Polish guards,
5:19
getting savagely beaten to death is a pretty natural cause for you to go out.
5:24
Dirlewanger died violently… the next nazi would have a slower, lingering death.
5:29
Number 23:
5:30
Joachim von Ribbentrop was the sinister Foreign Minister that kept the Axis Powers working
5:35
together in Europe with his dark diplomacy. He was also one of the major forces pushing
5:40
for war between America and Imperial Japan following the attack on Pearl Harbor. Even
5:45
other Nazis didn’t like him - largely considering him to be dumb and boring.
5:50
But he did have an achievement no other Nazi could claim to have.
5:53
When Ribbentrop was captured after the war and put to trial, on October 16th,
5:58
1946, he became the first ever Nazi to be put to death by hanging at Nuremberg. The
6:03
hangman was U.S. Master Sergeant John C. Woods, who didn’t actually do a
6:07
great job. Ribbentrop’s hanging was botched, meaning rather than having his neck broken,
6:12
he was strangled exceedingly slowly - taking a full 14 minutes to die.
6:17
Justice came painfully for Ribbentrop, but the next monster barely faced it at all.
6:22
Number 22:
6:23
Despite the name, there was nothing funky about Walther Funk. As the Reich Minister of Economics,
6:29
President of the Reichsbank, and State Secretary at the Ministry of Public Enlightenment and
6:33
Propaganda, he wore a lot of hats - but he sadly never wore the executioner’s hood.
6:39
During the Nuremberg trials, he openly wept when the full extent of his contributions
6:43
to the Holocaust were being discussed - arousing the sympathies of the jury just
6:47
enough to get him life in prison instead of the death sentence. In 1957, he was given
6:52
compassionate leave because his health was failing, but clearly it wasn’t failing that
6:57
badly. He’d survive another 3 years before dying of complications from diabetes on May 31st, 1960.
7:04
Some monsters met their punishment… others, like the next, got a quiet life instead.
7:09
Number 21:
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A gifted Naval admiral and self-proclaimed Hitler fanboy, Karl Dönitz, was effectively
7:15
appointed Hitler’s successor after the Fuhrer moved on to that big, flaming pit in the ground.
7:20
Admittedly, it was because Göring - who’s coming up soon - had just royally annoyed
7:25
Hitler. So the mustachioed menace was in a very “anyone but Göring” mindset.
7:30
Dönitz tendered Germany’s ultimate surrender to the Allies before being convicted of war
7:34
crimes at Nuremberg - where he insisted he followed the laws of war. He was sentenced
7:39
to 10 years in prison, before being released and retiring to a small village near Hamburg.
7:44
He died of a heart attack on Christmas Eve in 1980 at the age of 89.
7:48
The next nazi decided to fact justice on his own terms
7:51
Number 20:
7:52
Hermann Goring was nasty piece of work and one of the most powerful Nazis of all. Among his
7:58
many titles were Supreme Commander of the Air Force, Minister President of Prussia,
8:02
Master of the German Hunt and Forests, and whatever other job he wanted.
8:06
He was captured at the end of the war and at the Nuremberg trials,
8:09
he was convicted of conspiracy, crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.
8:14
He was sentenced to death by hanging, despite requesting the firing squad.
8:18
The night before his execution, October 15, he decided to take a cyanide pill to
8:23
take the edge off, so he never felt the rope of the hangman’s noose against his throat.
8:28
The next Nazi vanished so completely, even history had to hunt him down.
8:32
Number 19:
8:33
Martin Bormann is one of the most mysterious cases on this list. We
8:37
know Bormann died and his remains have been discovered… but the big question is: “How?”
8:42
As head of the Nazi Party Chancellery and private secretary to Adolf Hitler,
8:47
he was considered a major part of the Nazi war machine. Even though he managed to evade capture,
8:52
he was convicted and sentenced to death in absentia at the Nuremberg trials in 1946.
8:57
He was missing for decades before his remains were found in Berlin in 1972,
9:02
and identified as his in 1973. The most likely explanation was the
9:07
ingestion of the convicted Nazi’s favorite diet supplement: Cyanide.
9:11
The next monster’s reckoning would be brutal… and personal.
9:15
Number 18:
9:16
Rudolf Höss - not to be confused with Rudolf Hess - was the Commandant of Auschwitz where
9:22
over a million people were murdered. After attempting to disappear under a false
9:26
identity in 1946, he was caught by the British and extradited to
9:30
Poland - where he stood trial for murder and eventually sentenced to death in 1947.
9:35
Like many Nazis, he tried to dodge responsibility for his crimes. But strangely,
9:39
what broke him was how kindly and humanely he was treated by the Polish while in prison. Only then,
9:45
4 days before his execution, did he realise the terrible enormity of his crimes and
9:50
admitted that his life needed to be taken as punishment. He was hanged on specially
9:54
made gallows in front of 100 people, many of whom were survivors of his torturous camp.
9:59
If you thought you’d seen cruelty so far, this next one takes it to a whole new level.
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Number 17:
10:05
Described by Historian Michael Allen as, quote, “the vilest individual in the vilest
10:10
organization ever known”, Odilo Globocnik was a pillar of Operation Reinhard - an organized
10:16
slaughter of Polish Jews in what is known as the deadliest phase of the Holocaust. If you
10:21
were having an evil guy competition and your opponent was Odilo Globocnik, you should quit.
10:26
He fled when the Nazi Regime collapsed, only to be captured by the British cavalry in
10:30
Austria on May 31st, 1945. He knew that, given just how severe his crimes were,
10:36
he didn’t have a snowball’s chance in hell of getting out of this situation alive.
10:40
But he did have a cyanide capsule, and decided that was the better option.
10:44
In case you were wondering whether Odilo was going to hell,
10:46
when they tried to bury his body at a local church yard, the priest told them to bury
10:51
him outside the yard - he didn’t want the body buried on consecrated ground.
10:55
Think that was bad? The next orchestrated horrors that make your skin crawl.
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Number 16:
11:01
Paul Blobel was an mobile kill squad commander with two grim claims to fame. He orchestrated
11:07
the Babi Yar Massacre in Kyiv, the largest single massacre of the Second World War, and he pioneered
11:13
the so-called Gas Van - a mobile gas chamber used to execute prisoners. He personally copped
11:19
to over 10,000 murders at trial, worse than likely every American serial killer in history combined.
11:25
He was convicted for all this, and his attempts to cover up evidence of the
11:29
Holocaust, at the Einsatzgruppen Trial of 1947 and 1948. In 1951, he was led,
11:36
with a sullen look on his face, to the prison gallows, where he experienced a short drop and
11:41
a sudden stop. A much kinder and more dignified death than many of his thousands of victims.
11:46
The horrors keep escalating - the next killer turns atrocity into a terrifying art form.
11:51
Number 15:
11:53
One of the most cold-blooded killers in history, with over 100,000 victims,
11:58
Friedrich Jeckeln carried out coordinated massacres that left Nazi-occupied parts of
12:02
the Soviet Union in terror. His reign of murder destroyed countless lives - and his methods
12:08
were chillingly systematic. There were days where he watched 25,000 prisoners killed in a
12:13
row without experiencing so much as a flicker of emotion.
12:16
No tears were shed for him when he was captured by the Russians in April, 1945,
12:21
and taken to Latvia for “heavy interrogation” - which likely means they tortured the living hell
12:26
out of him. And we can’t say we feel the least bit sorry about it. He was put in a military tribunal
12:32
on February 3rd, found guilty, and hanged in front of a jubilant crowd of 4,000 that same afternoon.
12:38
Not all monsters got the noose immediately…
12:40
Number 14:
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As the commandant of two different brutal death camps, Sobibor and Treblinka, ex-cop Franz Stangl,
12:47
has over a million human lives on his rap sheet. Before operating concentration camps,
12:52
he was an SS officer and part of Aktion T4 - a Nazi initiative to
12:56
murder disabled people as part of a wider eugenics program.
13:00
After the war, he used the ratlines to flee to Brazil, eventually working at Volkswagen do
13:05
Brasil for until his 1967 capture. Not once did he claim any responsibility for his horrific crimes,
13:12
claiming he was acting in accordance with German law at the time. He was given a life sentence,
13:17
which clearly took a toll on the already sickly Stangl.
13:20
His health declined and he died of heart failure 4 years after getting locked up.
13:24
Justice was swift for this next Reich member.
13:27
Number 13:
13:28
Following Heydrich getting blown up, Ernst Kaltenbrunner rose to the fore as one of the
13:33
most powerful Nazi administrators out there. He acted as the third Chief of the Reich Security
13:38
Main Office - which collectively oversaw dangerous groups like the Gestapo, the Kripo,
13:42
and the intelligence department, the SD. His long record of aiding and abetting war crimes
13:47
would come back to haunt him on October 1st, 1946, when he was sentenced to death by hanging.
13:53
He was executed with the first batch of Nazis just 15 days later, being hanged
13:57
and cremated - his ashes were rumored to be thrown into the River Isar in Munich.
14:02
The list of dead Nazis leaders is growing… and the next name is about to be added.
14:07
Number 12:
14:07
Known as “The Beast of Belsen”, Josef Kramer was a walking SS nightmare. He was the commandant of
14:13
both Auschwitz and the Bergen Belsen concentration camps, where he was personally responsible for
14:18
the deaths of thousands. There’s no such thing as a nice death camp commandant,
14:23
but Kramer was particularly sadistic. He delighted in beating and torturing prisoners,
14:28
unleashing vicious dogs on them, and lining them up at mass graves to be gunned down en masse.
14:33
He was captured by British forces and sentenced to death on November 17th,
14:37
1945, for his crimes against humanity. Albert Pierrepont,
14:41
a professional British hangman with over 400 executions to his own name,
14:44
was the one to tie the noose around Kramer’s neck and pull the lever, sending him off to Old Nick.
14:50
The Nazi leadership thought they could walk free… they were wrong.
14:54
Number 11:
14:55
Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski was both a member of the Nazi top brass,
14:59
and the spearhead of the Nazi security warfare - an initiative to undermine and destroy the
15:04
ideological opponents of the regime. He led the suppression of the Warsaw Uprising in 1944,
15:10
killing thousands of civilians, and the cruel irony is, he didn’t even stand trial at Nuremberg.
15:16
However, that didn’t mean he’d escape justice forever.
15:19
He was arrested and tried in 1961 for his role in the violent Ernst Rohm purge,
15:23
the Night of the Long Knives. He was then indicted again the next year for the murder of
15:28
several Communists in 1933. He was sentenced to life imprisonment, and died of illness in 1972.
15:34
Some Nazis thought time could protect
15:36
them - the next learned the rope doesn’t wait… and it has backup.
15:41
Number 10:
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Wilhelm Keitel was a figure so slimy that all the top Nazis except Hitler himself
15:47
hated him. And that’s only because this military commander had a reputation for
15:51
being Hitler’s number one fanboy. He ordered a number of brutal war crimes on Hitler’s behalf,
15:57
and as such, when the war ended, there were some heavy consequences waiting for him.
16:02
Keitel also experienced one of the most brutal deaths thanks to the incompetent team behind
16:07
his 1946 hanging. The trap door that he and the other prisoners dropped through was too small,
16:12
meaning he bashed his head on the way out, destroying the momentum of the drop.
16:16
It resulted in a torturous 24 minutes of convulsions before eventually dying.
16:22
This next Nazi met his maker but his body? No one knows where it is.
16:26
Number 9:
16:27
Known as Dr. Death and The Butcher of Mauthausen, Aribert Heim is lesser known than Josef Mengele,
16:33
but may have been just as violent and sadistic. He conducted human experiments
16:37
at the Mauthausen concentration camp - performing vivisections and amputations without anesthetic,
16:43
injecting victims with gasoline, and even timing their deaths with a stopwatch for
16:48
his own twisted amusement. He didn’t stand trial at Nuremberg, instead fleeing to Cairo,
16:53
Egypt, and converting to Islam. He would later go by the name Tarek Farid Hussein.
16:58
While many of the details are still foggy, a German court confirmed in 2012 that Heim had
17:03
died back in 1992 from unknown causes. According to his son, Heim was buried in an unmarked grave,
17:09
making it impossible for investigators to locate his remains for DNA testing.
17:14
Now for someone who met his fate at the hands of the very people he terrorized.
17:18
Number 8:
17:19
Christian Wirth was so evil and despised that he was known as Christian the Cruel
17:24
among his fellow officers. He threw himself into the mass euthanasia of the disabled and
17:29
the murder of Nazi racial “undesirables” in Operation Reinhard with shocking,
17:34
gleeful zeal. He was a force of terror across Yugoslavia in particular,
17:39
so it would only be appropriate that he would meet his end at the hands of Yugoslavians.
17:44
While traveling in an open-top car on military business on May 26th, 1944,
17:49
he was shot by Yugoslav partisans, bringing his reign of terror to an end once and for all.
17:54
The list keeps getting darker… and the next is one of the few women who belonged here.
18:00
Number 7:
18:00
A rare female high-ranking Nazi, Maria Mandl was yet another particularly
18:05
cruel and violent concentration camp official at Auschwitz, Lichtenburg,
18:10
and Ravensbrück. She was particularly infamous for physically beating prisoners to death,
18:15
an act that she later framed as trying to do her duty to discipline prisoners. After her arrest,
18:20
she was deemed complicit in the deaths of around 500,000 prisoners.
18:25
Despite her attempts to receive clemency,
18:27
she was sentenced to death by hanging, carried out on January 24th, 1948.
18:32
Mandl paid the price for her brutality… the next escaped it entirely.
18:36
Nazi Number 6: Eugen Fischer
18:38
Eugen Fischer was a devoted Nazi thinker and director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of
18:42
Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics. His theories around the Aryan master race were one
18:47
of Hitler’s big philosophical inspirations. His pseudoscientific research helped shape
18:52
Nazi eugenics. You can see the origins of the Holocaust in everything Fischer did.
18:57
And sadly, despite being a member of the Nazi Party, he never faced
19:01
any consequences for the role he played - dying of natural causes in 1967, aged 93.
19:07
Now for someone who helped lay the foundation for the SS… and never lived to watch it grow.
19:12
Number 5:
19:13
You’ve probably never heard of Julius Schreck, but he was one of Hitler’s favorites. Schreck was a
19:19
World War One veteran and early supporter of Adolf in his right wing paramilitary days. After that,
19:24
he became a member of the Storm Detachment, or SA, and then, the first ever leader of the SS.
19:30
He was also Hitler’s personal chauffeur - a man he truly considered a friend.
19:34
He contracted meningitis in 1936, and died on May 16th. Without him,
19:39
who’s to know if the SS would have become what it eventually did?
19:42
In the Reich, betrayal didn’t just end careers - and the next man would discover that the hard way.
19:48
Number 4:
19:49
Karl-Otto Koch was a trailblazing concentration camp commandant, playing early roles at
19:54
Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen, and Majdanek - where he operated with his equally sadistic wife, Ilse. But
20:00
it wasn’t the Allies that sought punishment for Koch, it was the Nazis. They discovered
20:05
that he’d embezzled huge quantities of stolen loot from the inmates of the Buchenwald camp.
20:10
The problem wasn’t that he was stealing from all these innocent people,
20:13
but that he was stealing from the state by not cutting them in.
20:17
He was arrested by his superiors and convicted of both embezzlement and the
20:21
murder of 3 prisoners to cover up his crime. On April 5th, 1945, he was executed by his own
20:26
government by firing squad. The Buchenwald Camp was liberated by the Americans a week later.
20:32
Nazi Number 3: Amon Göth
20:34
One of the more infamous concentration camp commandants among the general public,
20:38
thanks to his role as the main villain of the movie Schindler’s List,
20:41
where he was played by Ralph Fiennes. He was convicted of, quote, “personally killing,
20:46
maiming and torturing a substantial, albeit unidentified number of people”,
20:50
while ruling over the Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp with an iron fist.
20:55
After a trial in Krakow, he was hanged on September 13th, 1946,
20:59
before having his body burned and his ashes thrown into the Vistula River.
21:02
This next death would be even more symbolic.
21:05
Number 2:
21:06
Joseph Goebbels was a Nazi true believer - someone who was literally with Hitler
21:11
until the bitter end. Goebbels was a master of propaganda whose lies stoked
21:15
racial hatred in the German people and helped build a pretense for war. However,
21:20
when Hitler died - more on that soon - Goebbels was left adrift in the world..
21:24
But he didn’t actually do that.
21:26
Instead, he gathered his entire family and decided they should all go out
21:30
together instead. The children were given morphine, and then when they were asleep,
21:34
cyanide capsules were crushed in their mouths. As for Goebbels and his wife, Magda,
21:39
accounts differ. But the general consensus is they took cyanide. And then, per Goebbels’ request,
21:44
one of the Nazi soldiers double tapped them all with a rifle just to make sure they were dead.
21:49
But there’s one more death we still get to savor…
21:53
Number 1:
21:53
When it was clear that the Nazis wouldn’t be taking the dub on the war they started,
21:58
Adolf Hitler decided the best victory was not getting murdered by the advancing Red Army.
22:02
After writing his last will and testament, Hitler and Eva Braun treated themselves
22:06
to a cyanide supper. But Hitler didn’t fancy dying with his guts foaming out of his mouth,
22:11
so he had the barrel of his service pistol for dessert. His remaining
22:15
minions dragged his corpse out to the courtyard and set it on fire - probably
22:18
so the Soviets couldn’t repurpose it as a pinata when they took the bunker.
22:22
But what about the Nazi leaders who didn’t meet the reaper? Check out “What Actually
22:27
Happened to Nazi Leaders After World War 2? And More Nazi Stories”, or watch this instead.
