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Meet the Experts | Pompeii: Out of Time with Tom Hiddleston | National Geographic
Meet the Experts | Pompeii: Out of Time with Tom Hiddleston | National Geographic
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คำบรรยาย (112)
0:00
Pompeii is a story of survival.
0:02
The Romans had a really active approach to religion.
0:05
Mhmm.
0:06
They believed you could appeal to the gods directly.
0:08
‘Fighting’ can also mean you’re fighting against the envionment
0:11
to get to something you need.
0:13
Or you want to, maybe, rescue a loved one.
0:16
The eruption released more thermal energy than atomic bombs
0:19
dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, combined.
0:22
Herculaneum.
0:23
All those people are under threat.
0:25
All those people need to be rescued.
0:32
I live, breathe, excavate, teach, in Rome.
0:38
So, I’m pleased to be able to spend a lot of time in Herculaneum -
0:41
one of the best sites that you can explore
0:44
to understand the daily life of the ancient Romans.
0:47
You said this place was a beach resort, so where’s the sea?
0:49
Well, we are on the beach, and the sea was right there.
0:53
That’s the power of the eruption.
0:55
It’s going to radically change the whole geography of the entire Bay of Naples.
0:59
People don’t know as much about Herculaneum...
1:01
but they should!
1:02
Because the preservation in Herculaneum, the neighboring city,
1:06
has to do with the nature of the pyroclastic material that covered the site.
1:11
It was more like a hot mud, so the material ends up being better-preserved.
1:15
Unlike Pompeii, when they excavate Herculaneum,
1:18
they basically don’t find any bodies.
1:21
So, something did happen on this beach, right?
1:24
There does seem to have been some sort of an attempt of an evacuation.
1:29
My job is working as a survival psychologist,
1:32
looking at how people respond to disasters.
1:37
So in disaster psychology, what I’m looking at is people under extreme stress.
1:41
Like a natural disaster.
1:43
From all of your studies, can we apply these predictions to people from the past,
1:46
do you think?
1:47
Yeah, I don’t think people have changed very much in 2,000 years.
1:50
We know that there are about ten percent of people
1:53
who will manage to be cool, calm, and collected
1:56
and respond effectively.
1:59
We have a Praetorian.
2:00
He is exactly the sort of person you’d need in a situation like this.
2:04
Into the boat sheds!
2:06
Now!
2:07
And then, we have the eighty percent of people.
2:11
They don’t really know how to respond.
2:13
They’re waiting for direction and other people to basically help rescue them.
2:17
Julia Felix.
2:19
She’s the leader of her household.
2:22
Okay, we need to focus.
2:24
Get them inside! Now!
2:25
Even in the heat of an emergency,
2:28
people are capable of engaging in what we call, “Pro-Social Behavior.”
2:32
So, we see people helping and supporting each other.
2:35
Rescuing each other.
2:36
Friends. Family.
2:38
Or even total strangers.
2:40
They rescue one another.
2:41
Yes.
2:44
I’m interested in how we use
2:45
the rocks and fossils we find
2:47
beneath our feet to reconstruct Earth history.
2:50
Four point five billion years of it.
2:53
On that day two thousand years ago,
2:55
magma, molten rock, is rising up.
2:57
Pushing against the rocks and fracturing them, until...
3:00
Explosion!
3:01
Well, eruption, actually.
3:02
Pompeii is incredibly unique,
3:05
just as a place of record of the way in which these geohazards,
3:10
volcanic eruptions, can immediately, and in a very devastating way, affect human life.
3:16
Six hundred million tons of superheated rock and magma
3:19
was blown twenty miles up into the atmosphere.
3:23
And within minutes,
3:24
that rock and magma would start to rain down on Pompeii.
3:29
And I think that you could really argue that the story of Pompeii is
3:32
the birth of volcanology, in a way.
3:34
And you can argue that it’s, therefore, one of the founding principles of geology, itself.
3:39
The eruption column now becomes so vast, so dense,
3:42
that it was actually stopping sunlight reaching
3:45
Herculaneum...
3:46
Pompeii...
3:47
well, the whole Bay of Naples.
3:49
Soon, it will be completely buried.
3:51
But there’s still time, right?
3:52
There’s still some chance that they can evacuate?
3:56
It’s a slim chance.
3:57
I’ve worked on basically three main topics throughout my career.
4:02
Household archaeology,
4:04
interactions between Egypt and the Greco-Roman world,
4:07
and the archaeology of religion and ritual.
4:11
Romans had many, many gods.
4:13
- Yeah. - Including a lot that originally came from other cultures,
4:16
- like Egypt, in this case. - Yeah.
4:19
There is so much Egyptian influence at Pompeii.
4:22
Objects imported from Egypt. Practices imported from Egypt.
4:25
Local products that are meant to look Egyptian.
4:28
The most dramatic example is the temples of Isis, where
4:32
an Egyptian god was being worshipped in this community.
4:36
Isis was a cosmic creator.
4:39
She could embody all of the gods in one.
4:42
She’s certainly a god you might want to have on your side during a natural disaster.
4:47
There was someone praying here during the eruption.
4:50
Mother.
4:51
Protector.
4:53
Come to me, Isis.
4:56
I hope that the viewers are curious
4:58
to learn more about this incredible lost culture.
5:01
I think the experience of being in Pompeii
5:03
can produce a real empathy for the people who lived there.
5:07
These people felt all of the things that you would feel if you were in the same situation.
5:11
It isn't just about the ruins.
5:13
It's about human stories and those emotions that translate from 79 AD to the present day.
