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How an Amusement Park Works
How an Amusement Park Works
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0:00
a top of mountain next to a hot spring
0:02
and a long I70 in a small 10,000 person
0:05
mountain town in the middle of
0:06
Colorado's Rocky Mountains is a
0:08
scattering of roller coasters thrill
0:10
rides attractions and Cave tours
0:12
collectively known as Glenwood Caverns
0:14
Adventure Park sitting 7,100 ft or 2200
0:18
M higher than sea level it is the
0:20
highest elevation amusement park in
0:22
America and the only one perched at top
0:24
of mountain before there were screams
0:27
however there was just a whisper it was
0:30
Charles Darrow a Glenwood Springs
0:31
Homesteader who first caught the faint
0:33
whistle of cool air escaping from deep
0:36
inside Iron Mountain in the late 1800s
0:38
and saw a business opportunity the
0:41
mountain had revealed its secret and
0:42
after exploring the fairy caves himself
0:44
Darrow opened them up for visitors on
0:46
Horseback in
0:47
1896 then in the mid 1910s the caves
0:50
again closed off not on account of
0:53
inaccessibility but economics the
0:55
attraction just didn't attract in the
0:57
midst of an economic downturn so they
1:00
sat for another 70 years before Steve
1:02
Beckley and his curiosity set off
1:04
another era of evolution at top Iron
1:06
Mountain it was on an adventurous date
1:08
their second with his now wife Jean when
1:10
the couple bravely squeezed through a
1:12
9in wide passage known as Jam crack and
1:15
laid their eyes on the expansive awe
1:18
inspiring lower reaches of the King's
1:19
Row cave by then the couple was sold on
1:22
one another and on the idea that the
1:24
caves needed to be seen by the public
1:26
the two convinced the owners to sell the
1:28
land to them so they could reopen the
1:29
cavern to the public what whispered to
1:31
Darrow more than a century prior was now
1:33
poised to be a destination for hundreds
1:36
of thousands the Begley's instincts were
1:39
spoton the caverns were an immediate
1:41
draw 500 people showed up for the first
1:44
tour in 1999 and by 2003 more than
1:47
100,000 people were visiting annually
1:49
all scaling the mountain via bus in
1:51
tedious switchbacks but buses were not
1:54
enough as the tendons continued to rise
1:56
to accommodate the crowds the Beckley
1:58
installed a trainway into 2003 so park
2:01
goers could ride straight to the summit
2:02
and forgo the bumpy bus ride of its
2:04
backside in the first year of its
2:06
operation the tram helped increase
2:07
attendance by 50% shuttling 300 people
2:10
up per hour but then another problem
2:13
while the transportation was more
2:15
efficient and getting people up the
2:16
mountain the caves remain the same size
2:19
the tours roughly the same capacity the
2:22
upshot longer and longer lines people
2:24
now waiting under the hot summer sun for
2:26
up to 3 hours to tour the fairy caves
2:29
something had to
2:31
change but rather than limit attendance
2:33
the Beckley went the other way and added
2:35
capacity dumping 1.5 million dollars
2:38
into a master plan and slate of
2:40
activities that people could do while
2:41
they waited to explore the caverns and
2:43
as with the tram the Beckley went all in
2:46
by 2005 guests could scale up the 32t
2:49
rock climbing wall or they could strap
2:51
into the country's very first Alpine
2:53
Coaster a half mile ride on a metal
2:55
track that Steve personally traveled to
2:57
Europe to secure from uncertain
2:58
operators suddenly fin the mountain was
3:00
becoming a park as a virtuous cycle
3:03
emerged the more offerings the bigger
3:05
the crowds next came a zipline than a 40
3:08
theater and then a giant canyon swing
3:10
once a modest park opened for Curious
3:12
cavers Glenwood Caverns quickly
3:14
transitioned into a veritable amusement
3:16
park where people could spend an entire
3:18
day perched precariously above the
3:21
Colorado River but just one piece was
3:24
missing to fully earn that moniker the
3:27
most iconic feature of any amusement
3:29
park a roller coaster and so in 2012
3:33
1430 ft of Twisted steel made its way up
3:36
the mountain and the transition was
3:38
complete once up and running the
3:40
Cliffhanger became and Remains the
3:42
country's highest altitude roller
3:44
coaster the Cliffhanger has two hill
3:46
climbs which quickly plunge into several
3:48
angled loops and it all unfolds in just
3:50
80 Seconds the ride is breathtaking so
3:54
too was the process of buying it perhaps
3:57
counterintuitively given their size and
3:59
relative d and there is a secondhand
4:01
market for amusement park rides and it
4:03
can get competitive when celebration
4:05
City in Branson Missouri put its coaster
4:07
up for sale for just about 1th rack rate
4:10
Glenwood Caverns was interested but so
4:12
too were elich Gardens in Denver and Six
4:15
Flags in Buffalo New York two far larger
4:17
Parks ultimately the caverns placed a
4:19
winning bid at
4:22
$375,000 practically a Ste but then
4:24
there was the matter of getting it
4:25
installed which required 11 flatbed
4:27
trucks traversing all the way to the top
4:29
of the Mountain which along with
4:31
refurbishing cost the park another
4:34
$425,000 the Cliffhanger was worth it
4:37
while the Alpine Coaster was and Remains
4:39
the Park's most popular ride the
4:41
Cliffhanger filled a niche as thrilling
4:43
but not so thrilling that it would scare
4:45
people away it was and is an important
4:48
piece to an Ever evolving puzzle that
4:50
the management of Glenwood Caverns just
4:52
like that of every amusement park is
4:54
trying to figure out how to draw crowds
4:56
in how to minimize lines how to maximize
4:59
The Visitor experience and how to turn a
5:01
profit all
5:02
simultaneously in solving this puzzle
5:04
every ride has a purpose take the canyon
5:07
swing this ride is wildly inefficient in
5:10
terms of load capacity and the number of
5:12
cycles that can run at a given time
5:13
maxing out at just 80 people per hour
5:16
just not many people can ride it very
5:18
quickly but because the swing launches
5:20
out over a 1300t 400 met drop above the
5:23
Colorado River and Glenwood Canyon not
5:25
as many people might want to ride it to
5:27
begin with but it serves two key
5:29
purposes one to appeal to Adrenaline
5:32
Junkies looking for the most thrilling
5:33
experiences and two to act as something
5:36
highly marketable a ride that looks
5:38
great in video or on social media or
5:40
even sounds good by Word of Mouth fully
5:42
exhibiting the Park's iconic landscape
5:44
sitting at top of mountain overlooking a
5:46
Canon on the other end of the spectrum
5:48
there's the mine wheel and the Wild West
5:50
Express both bought secondhand and
5:52
relocated from Canada and situated here
5:54
and here they're less marketable and
5:56
more tame but this helps alleviate line
5:58
pressure on the cliff hanger and
6:00
provides an alternative to the canyon
6:01
swing for families wanting to hop on a
6:03
ride together and kids too small or too
6:05
scared to stare down a 1300t drop while
6:08
upside down sitting in between rides
6:10
like the Wild West Express and the
6:11
canyon swing is the giant Canyon flyer a
6:14
tree swing also pursed here providing
6:16
High suspended Thrills with less
6:18
required commitment and thrill than the
6:19
latter then there's the zip line which
6:21
replaced the original zip line and isn't
6:23
very efficient in terms of Rider
6:24
turnover as it only seats two Riders at
6:26
a time but makes the most of the Park's
6:28
unique vantage point wasting Riders 600
6:30
ft or 200 M up the line with mountain
6:32
views are hard to match because it was
6:34
slow and in demand the park doubled down
6:37
and added a second variation of the same
6:39
ride directly next to it then there are
6:42
the more extreme in 2017 the crystal
6:45
tower then called The Haunted mind drop
6:47
became the first and only underground
6:49
drop tower in the world plunging Riders
6:51
into negative -2 and2 GS and 110 ft or
6:54
35 M into Iron Mountain and in almost
6:57
complete darkness where other Drop Tower
6:59
in the world allow passengers to see
7:01
where they're falling the uniqueness a
7:03
ride that loads from the top and
7:04
plummets into the ground prompted USA
7:07
Today to call it one of the most
7:08
anticipated rides of the year so that's
7:10
to say this ride is something unique
7:12
that Riders can only get here and
7:15
therefore it can help attract press and
7:16
social media attention and Beyond the
7:18
superlatives its convenient location
7:20
towards the lower reaches of the park
7:22
also allowed Glenwood Caverns To Build A
7:24
New Path creating a walking Loop further
7:26
dissipating crowds further adding areas
7:28
to explore across a full day at the park
7:31
with more draws more rides more
7:33
attractions and just more things to do
7:35
now the lines were forming at the base
7:37
of the gondola just to get people up the
7:39
mountain and into the park now even the
7:41
Tramway once a solution to moving people
7:44
quicker needed an upgrade in 2019 the
7:46
cavern spent $8 million to install a new
7:49
six-person ski resort style Gondola
7:51
capable of whisking 1,000 Riders per
7:53
hour up the 1 and 1/2 mil or 2 and 1/2
7:56
km in 7 minutes almost 75 % of Park
8:00
goers are there for the rides but about
8:01
a quarter of people will simply take the
8:03
gondola up and have a bite at the
8:05
lookout Grill in a relaxed outing but
8:07
now with the capacity to attract more
8:09
visitors the park wanted to push forward
8:11
into the big leagues of rides they
8:14
wanted a ride that would break records
8:16
so they cracked a brochure not long
8:19
after the roller coaster industry began
8:22
to buzz in April 2021 gauer announced it
8:25
would build a new record-breaking roller
8:27
coaster somewhere in the United States
8:29
to debut in 2022 coaster pundits
8:32
speculated that it could be installed
8:34
anywhere from Cedar Point to Dollywood
8:36
all gersau said was that it would be in
8:38
a high-profile location that guests
8:40
would be racing to finally the news
8:43
dropped Glenwood Caverns the presumed
8:46
Dark Horse potential location of the
8:47
bunch would be the new home of a
8:50
customized Euro Fighter coaster with a
8:52
gravity defined 109° drop which would
8:55
make it the steepest roller coaster west
8:57
of the Mississippi and it lived up to
8:59
the hype reviews on everything from Trip
9:02
Advisor to Reddit to Tik Tok gushed over
9:04
its dramatic views and hair raising
9:06
flips that exceeded their
9:08
expectations so what makes it so
9:10
thrilling or really what makes any
9:12
roller coaster thrilling when designers
9:14
set out to create a satisfying coaster
9:16
they want to construct a series of
9:18
movements that writers experienced as a
9:20
cohesive albeit hair raising Symphony
9:23
rather than a oneandone Screamfest
9:25
that's because intense flips and loops
9:27
work best when they're balanced with
9:29
Brea moments of calm which let writers
9:31
process the thrill they've just
9:32
experienced and steal themselves for the
9:34
next Engineers design coasters from
9:36
beginning to end so that no part will
9:38
exceed four or five G's or the amount of
9:40
force equal to four or five times the
9:42
normal rate of gravity the limit of what
9:44
an average person can withstand for a
9:45
short time nearly every roller coaster
9:48
will have a mix of these components
9:50
Hills inversions and break runs Defiance
9:53
begins with an impressive Hill and
9:55
inversion known as the Twisted Top Hat
9:58
it combines a hill that lifts Rider
10:00
straight up or a camel back hill and a
10:02
turn any initial Hill on a roller
10:04
coaster is designed to accelerate and
10:06
this is no exception it goes from 0 to
10:09
58 M or 93 kmph as it drops to this
10:13
point there's no breaking as it's a
10:15
total freef fall powered by gravity and
10:17
slowed down by the rides later turns and
10:19
inversions on defiance these later
10:22
inversions include the heartline zerog
10:24
roll where the hill preceding it
10:26
accelerates at an equal rate to the
10:27
acceleration of gravity which which
10:29
means functionally there is no
10:31
gravitational force exerted on Riders
10:32
when they flip upside down and they feel
10:35
weightless Defiance is also one of only
10:37
five coasters in the US to boast a
10:39
banana roll an inversion that flips
10:41
Riders upside down twice at the very end
10:44
Riders come to a stop before the station
10:46
in a break run all of this the hill the
10:48
inversions the brake run takes less than
10:50
a minute to ride there are hundreds of
10:53
sensors along defiance's relatively
10:55
short track which communicate with this
10:56
Central Monitor and alert ride operators
10:58
to any mou functions or slowdowns as
11:00
quickly as possible despite its
11:02
futuristic capabilities though
11:04
defiance's jaw-dropping lift Hill still
11:06
relies on Century old coaster technology
11:09
it's supported by a chain lift Hill
11:12
which has remained the coaster industry
11:13
standard for over a century this has two
11:16
main features the chain dog and the
11:18
anti-rollback dog the chain dog is how
11:21
the cart is pulled through the ride it's
11:23
a metal chain attaching the car to the
11:25
Coaster's track it's threaded underneath
11:27
the car's length and gives the car a
11:29
another point of contact in addition to
11:31
its Wheels as the car travels up the
11:33
Camelback Hill it's pulled by the metal
11:35
chain rather than a motor mounted on the
11:36
vehicle itself this ensures the car
11:39
cannot physically move backward if the
11:41
ride were to stop unexpectedly this
11:43
chain dog is complemented by an
11:44
anti-rollback dog which adds an
11:46
additional back stop for emergencies
11:48
this anti-rollback dog is a feature of
11:51
every ride vehicle it's a blunted metal
11:53
rod that drags between the car's wheels
11:55
and along the chain Hills Groove tracks
11:57
to lock the vehicle in place and in case
11:59
of an unexpected stop and counteract the
12:01
backwards force a stalled ride vehicle
12:03
will generate between these features the
12:05
lift chain Hill ensures the ride can
12:07
come to a complete stop even on a
12:09
vertical hill without ricocheting
12:11
backwards and at the end of the ride
12:13
defiance's braking system ensures the
12:15
ride quickly comes to a complete stop
12:17
without the need for electricity it's
12:19
called a magnetic induction brake system
12:21
powered by a deceivingly simple physics
12:23
concept known as an eddy current as the
12:26
ride enters the brake run a series of
12:27
embedded magnets in the coaster track
12:29
will activate opposing magnets located
12:31
in the ride vehicle itself this causes a
12:34
set of brake fin Alloys to pop out from
12:36
either side of the ride vehicle which
12:38
generates an opposing magnetic field
12:40
that pushes back against the track
12:41
magnets and slows them down according to
12:44
Newton's third law of physics every
12:45
action has an equal and opposite
12:47
reaction so the force generated by a
12:49
high-speed car entering the brake run
12:51
will generate an opposing magnetic field
12:53
with equally impressive strength that
12:55
can bring the car slowly and smoothly
12:57
back into the station the faster the
12:58
coas cars travel the stronger the brake
13:01
fin alloys' opposing current will be so
13:03
the magnets alone safely slow the ride
13:06
this entirely magnetic system allows
13:08
Defiance to operate without any physical
13:10
braking mechanisms there's no contact or
13:12
wear components constantly bearing the
13:14
brunt of vast frictional force which
13:16
means there's no need for braking
13:18
maintenance and in case of emergency
13:20
this braking system can also operate
13:22
without power it's a safer smoother and
13:24
cheaper brake system all powered by the
13:27
intuitive Simplicity of magnetic field
13:30
but beyond the fundamental experience of
13:31
accelerating a ride vehicle to highway
13:33
speeds then slowing it down to a gentle
13:35
stop less than a minute later amusement
13:37
rides need a multi-layered strategy of
13:40
safety to avoid accidents that's because
13:42
at the scale of hundreds or thousands of
13:44
riders per day any margin for error not
13:47
accounted for will eventually lead to an
13:49
accident so the goal is not to make a
13:51
ride safe once but to have multiple
13:54
systems and protocols that ensure safety
13:57
simultaneously the first layer is is
13:59
design where potential concerns are
14:01
addressed long before a ride's
14:02
manufactured or sent to a park in this
14:05
Engineers are tasked with designing out
14:07
problems that do arise for example the
14:10
shoulder restraints involve a clever bit
14:12
of engineering where their default
14:13
position is locked unlocking them
14:16
requires an electric current that is fed
14:18
into the car by a connector at the
14:19
station therefore once the vehicle has
14:21
left the station there simply is not a
14:23
way that an electrical fault could cause
14:25
the restraints to unlock the ride
14:27
vehicle doesn't have a way of doing so
14:29
independently without that outside power
14:32
in the event a ride vehicle gets stuck
14:33
on the track and needs to be evacuated
14:36
operators will bring a battery pack that
14:37
applies this electric current to the
14:39
ride vehicle itself to unlock the
14:41
restraints so broadly designing rides so
14:43
that the failure state is safe rather
14:46
than unsafe is a key tenant of ensuring
14:48
that even most mechanical faults can't
14:50
hurt the rider then the second layer is
14:54
guard rails on top of Designing out as
14:56
many safety risk factors as possible
14:59
ride manufacturers and Parks will create
15:00
these protocols to ensure a second layer
15:03
of safety Glenwood Cav's manual safety
15:05
tests start every day at 7:00 a.m. with
15:07
teams conducting their daily inspection
15:09
protocol of each ride then before every
15:11
ride cycle in Defiance the operator will
15:13
conduct their own manual safety check
15:15
including physically checking each
15:16
shoulder restraint even though the ride
15:18
computer can detect when a restraint is
15:20
latched this manual check serves as the
15:22
guard rail a second layer of safety in
15:24
the extremely unlikely instance that the
15:26
first layer fails the next safety layer
15:29
is planning for the worst case scenario
15:31
creating contingencies or detailed
15:34
strategies and backups for if things do
15:36
go wrong on the Defiance coaster one
15:38
contingency is for this the Camel Back
15:41
Hill if the ride lost power for example
15:43
the vehicle would still be pushed
15:45
through to the End by the sheer force of
15:47
this hill alone as long as the car
15:49
reached the top of the hill before
15:51
losing power but if it hadn't yet
15:53
cleared the hill before it lost power it
15:55
gets stuck which requires a contingency
15:58
plan for how to to get Riders out one is
16:00
the fact that the ride like most has a
16:03
backup generator capable of running it
16:05
even if the grid goes dark but the
16:07
second contingency is this lift Tower if
16:10
due to compounding power failure or some
16:12
other fault Riders get stuck on the hill
16:14
it allows operators to safely access and
16:16
evacuate riders in that event by way of
16:18
an embedded elevator that spans The
16:20
Hills Height but rides themselves aren't
16:24
the only risk factor that Parks need to
16:26
mitigate just simply bringing thousands
16:28
of people together is a risk factor
16:30
especially when they're on top of a
16:32
mountain only reachable by Gondola or
16:34
winding dirt road Colorado's
16:36
unpredictable weather with all too
16:38
frequent afternoon thunderstorms means
16:40
that the park might close rides or shut
16:41
down the Mountaintop altogether if
16:43
lightning is within 10 miles most rides
16:45
will shut down including all of the park
16:47
thrill rides the park has an always
16:49
active lightning monitor that constantly
16:51
tracks how close the strikes are to the
16:53
park if lightning is within 5 miles of
16:55
the park all rides and the gondola will
16:57
shut down too they need that time since
16:59
it takes about 7 minutes to clear all
17:01
Riders close down the gondola and ground
17:04
a lightning rod so it won't be
17:05
irreparably damaged if it is struck by
17:07
lightning the gondola and rides will
17:09
then reopen when 10 minutes have passed
17:11
without a lightning strike in the 5 Mile
17:13
boundary the park also has a radar
17:15
system that constantly monitors the
17:17
storm cells in the Park's vicinity
17:19
located here inside of the gonda's
17:21
control room in most cases this system
17:23
will identify potentially harmful storms
17:25
before they descend on the park and give
17:27
officials time to prepare however if the
17:29
radar shows storm cells directly above
17:31
the park officials will immediately
17:33
decide to shut down operations right
17:35
then and there during the Summer monsoon
17:37
season storms will often only last
17:39
between 30 to 45 minutes meaning guests
17:41
will only be stuck in the park
17:42
temporarily but in the event the gondola
17:44
can't reopen the park fires up its Fleet
17:46
of buses to shuttle guests down via
17:48
their service road but the other
17:50
particular risk factor born out of
17:52
Glennwood cern's unique location is that
17:54
of wildfire it is surrounded by largely
17:57
undeveloped fire prone Wilderness and in
18:00
the dry Colorado Summers fires are
18:03
common just four years ago the Grizzly
18:05
Creek fire burned thousands of Acres
18:07
within ey shot of the park well
18:09
typically fires are slow moving enough
18:10
that the park just simply wouldn't open
18:12
if it were within a risky distance from
18:14
one it also has developed a protocol of
18:16
what to do if a fire unexpectedly
18:18
emerges while the park is already open
18:21
if Wilderness within 5 miles is burning
18:23
the park and the Garfield County sheriff
18:24
and emergency management office will
18:26
likely decide to evacuate which the park
18:28
can do at an accelerated Pace with the
18:30
use of both its Gondola and buses but
18:32
the lack of direct Public Road access
18:34
does mean that there are limits to how
18:37
fast it can evacuate so in the event of
18:39
something going really wrong a quick
18:41
shift in winds a nearby lightning strike
18:44
anything the park does have a rather
18:46
unique way of Sheltering its thousands
18:48
of guests in place they go to the caves
18:52
the 2020 Grizzly Creek Fire proved to
18:54
the park that the caves do stay smoke
18:56
free even when it's intolerably thick
18:58
outside they've pre-positioned emergency
19:00
supplies within each of their two cave
19:02
tour areas including snacks first aid
19:04
space blankets tourniquets water and
19:06
even parts to build a rudimentary
19:08
restroom enough to get by until
19:10
emergency crews can assist in a more
19:11
fullscale evacuation as it is with ride
19:14
specifically then it is with the park
19:16
generally safety measures by themselves
19:18
Aren't Enough a park requires carefully
19:20
thought through layers of measures this
19:23
is emblematic of the core difficulty of
19:26
running an amusement park it's not
19:27
necessarily that ult to give a guest a
19:29
good safe valuable experience once the
19:32
difficulty is in doing so over and over
19:35
and over again up to thousands of times
19:37
per day that's because the guest's
19:39
experience is singular they experience
19:41
the park once while the park experiences
19:43
each guest in countless different ways
19:45
through each ride each line each
19:47
employee each concession stand each
19:49
bathroom through every single element of
19:51
the park the guest perceives so each and
19:53
every day the employees of Glenwood
19:55
Caverns and any amusement park clock in
19:57
to play their small role in the endless
20:00
pursuit of perfecting that symphonic
20:04
experience there's a very particular
20:06
reason we filmed this video at Glenwood
20:08
Caverns one that I'm sure many of you
20:10
have already realized it's that this is
20:12
also the location where we filmed the
20:14
finale of our nebula original show the
20:16
getaway in that we put our contestants
20:18
through a series of challenges involving
20:19
the caverns as rides to gain the chance
20:21
to win the final prize the audience
20:24
feedback on that episode was great many
20:26
seem to think it was the best episode in
20:27
the series and you probably could watch
20:29
it by itself without having seen the
20:31
rest of the series if you want however
20:33
to give a little context on the show we
20:35
basically told the contestants that this
20:36
was an elimination style show where they
20:38
had to figure out who was the secret
20:39
sabator in order to win but we actually
20:41
just told them all they were the secret
20:43
sabator so they were all trying to
20:45
covertly sabotage everything despite the
20:47
fact that they were actually all on the
20:48
same team and nobody was trying to
20:50
figure them out as you can imagine this
20:52
led to chaos and of course the reason we
20:55
were able to afford to make such a
20:56
relatively High budget show you know
20:58
cast crew size of 25 by the way was
21:00
thanks to the hundreds of thousands of
21:02
nebula subscribers as I'm sure you know
21:04
by now nebula is the creator founded
21:06
Creator run and Creator owned streaming
21:08
service designed to be the best
21:09
ecosystem to Foster Innovative engaging
21:12
shows and movies that you're just not
21:13
getting out of Hollywood in addition to
21:15
the getaway there's a great show by Neo
21:17
called underexposure two by real life
21:19
lore called modern conflicts and the War
21:20
Room a new short film by Jesse gender
21:22
called identities and more are coming
21:24
all the time like Dracula's
21:26
ex-girlfriend an upcoming release from
21:27
philosophy tube that on really looking
21:29
forward to nebula's analytics show that
21:31
a far higher proportion of people who
21:32
sign up stay subscribed than with major
21:34
streaming services which I believe
21:36
indicates that the users find it more
21:37
worthwhile for example I haven't even
21:39
mentioned yet that on top of all that
21:41
original content you get our normal
21:43
videos add and sponsorship free and it's
21:45
the same deal for hundreds of other
21:46
handpicked top quality creators so if
21:49
you want to see what it's all about make
21:50
sure to use our link
