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5 Historical Misconceptions Rundown - Video học tiếng Anh
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5 Historical Misconceptions Rundown
5 Historical Misconceptions Rundown
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Phụ đề (77)
0:04
# 5.
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Vikings
0:06
What would a Viking be without his trusty battle helmet and its impressive horns?
0:09
The answer is: a more historically accurate viking.
0:11
Think, for a moment about wearing headgear like that into battle: the horns are just
0:15
easy targets for your opponent to hit and knock off your helmet.
0:18
Or, if you strap on your helmet, now your opponent has a convenient lever with which
0:21
to drag you to the ground and something to hold onto while slitting your throat.
0:24
Horned helmets are a terrible idea, which is why archeologists have never found them
0:28
at viking battle sites and there's no evidence that they were ever used.
0:31
It was poets and artists -- people not known for caring about facts and reality -- who
0:34
gave the Vikings their silly hats during the late 1800s, long after the vikings could 'correct'
0:38
their misconceptions.
0:40
4.
0:41
Lady Godiva
0:42
The story of this 11th century English noblewoman is that her mean husband the Earl raised taxes
0:45
on the townspeople of Coventry which Lady Godiva -- and not surprising the locals -- thought
0:49
were too high.
0:50
She badgered her husband and he conceded in exasperation to lower the taxes if she rode
0:54
through town naked -- assuming that she never would, but she did.
0:57
Because people don't likes taxes -- even though they're how civilization is purchased -- Lady
1:01
Godiva's story lives on notably in the Godiva logo and in popular songs.
1:05
But while Lady Godiva was a real person and Coventry is a real town there is no record
1:08
of her nude ride from the time when it happened -- so we can assume the story is false.
1:13
Just as with the Vikings, again poets and artists are to blame, who made up the tale
1:16
long after Lady Godiva's death.
1:18
3.
1:19
Napoleon
1:20
Famously this tiny, tiny general -- perhaps to compensate for his short stature -- took
1:23
control of France greatly expanded its influence and dubbed himself emperor.
1:27
Napoleon's official height was indeed 5 foot 2 inches but at the time French inches were
1:32
longer than English inches, so doing the unit conversion, Napoleon's height should have
1:35
been reported as 5'7 in England's imperial units -- which is short by today's standard
1:39
but was average or slightly above average in the early 1800s.
1:42
However England, with it's eternal love for all things French, didn't care and went the
1:46
Napoleon-is-so-short-LOL version of the story in newspapers and cartoons.
1:50
Meanwhile, Napoleon was busy introducing the Metric System to France and the wider world
1:53
to standardize measurements so this sort of confusion would never happen again -- and
1:57
thankfully the whole world now uses metric.
1:59
Mostly.
2:00
Sort of.
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2.
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Roman Vomit
2:03
Ah, the Roman empire, so great and powerful, but corrupted by decadence from within.
2:07
And what could be a better symbol of that decadence than the Vometorum: where Romans,
2:10
after stuffing themselves with delicious foods, could vomit them all up to make room to feast
2:14
anew.
2:16
Vometoria are real but this idea of them is not, though confusion is understandable because
2:19
their name -- Vomit-orium -- seems to make their purpose so clear.
2:23
Even if for some reason you know latin -- perhaps because you live in a country that insists
2:26
you waste hundreds of hours of your life learning a dead, useless language -- this knowledge
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still won't help you because the root word 'vomitum' means 'to spew forth'.
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So what is it really?
2:34
If you've ever been to a big stadium, like say, the ones made by the romans, you have
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already used a vometorium.
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This is what the vometoria are -- the passageways that lets lots of people enter or exit at
2:44
once.
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The people are what spews forth in the vometoria, not the contents of the people.
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1.
2:50
Columbus
2:51
There is so very much wrong with the common retelling of the story of Christopher Columbus
2:53
that it's hard to know where to begin, but the biggest misconception is that everyone
2:56
else thought the world was flat, but Columbus was the only guy smart enough to know that
3:00
it's round.
3:01
It makes a daring story, but knowledge of a spherical earth goes back to at least 5,000
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BC that's six and a half thousand years before Columbus set sail -- and that knowledge was
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never lost to western civilization.
3:12
In 200 BC Eratosthenes calculated Earth's circumference and his estimate was still well
3:16
know and being used in Columbus's time.
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The argument Columbus had with queen Isabella was not over the shape of the earth, but of
3:23
its size.
3:24
Columbus estimated the Earth was much smaller than Queen Isabella and her scientific advisors
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did which was way he thought he could make it across the empty Atlantic to India.
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But Columbus's size estimate was wrong -- again, just like Napoleon's height -- because of
3:35
mixed up units.
3:36
However, his error did send him West to become the first European to discover America -- as
3:41
long as you ignore the hornless vikings who beat him by 500 years.
