The Billion Dollar Secrets Inside Tumbleweeds

Lernmodus auswählen:

Highlight:

3000 Oxford Words4000 IELTS Words5000 Oxford Words3000 Common Words1000 TOEIC Words5000 TOEFL Words

Untertitel (176)

0:10[Music]

0:15by my money for security reasons baggage

0:22unattended will be removed and destroyed

0:31[Music]

0:57United Airlines flight 2120 one Denver

1:23[Music]

2:15hi I think you're looking for me

2:21hello Internet's past gray here at a

2:25hotel in Denver Colorado why well for

2:28weeks I've been thinking about

2:30tumbleweed and what started as mild

2:33curiosity turned into a lot of reading

2:36and a lot of writing and hopefully a

2:39video future gray has finished and can

2:41put on the screen here now in editing

2:45but for current me it's still a work in

2:48progress and as part of that I came to

2:51the research lab here to talk to some of

2:54the world experts about why tumbleweed

2:56are so troublesome and the work these

2:58professors and their students do at the

3:00weed lab I'm really excited I've run out

3:02of people who will talk to me about

3:03tumbleweed in real life this is the kind

3:13of stuff we do a lot of that's a photo I

3:17took that is what happens when a mother

3:21plant tumbles in the wind and then the

3:23farmer sprays and all of the progeny

3:26from this mother plant carry a

3:29resistance gene if the farmer had not

3:33sprayed if he had not sprayed the whole

3:44field would have looked green let's just

3:46do a walking tour of the facility oh by

3:49the way before I forget that coffee was

3:50fantastic okay yeah that was great

3:53oh yeah on the tour I was able to see my

3:55first tumble tots in person and the

3:57various tortures weeds are put through

3:59at the lab to test their strengths and

4:01weaknesses in a variety of ways

4:03particularly cold tolerance that I've

4:05got to experience firsthand and it's

4:09crazy how tough weeds can be and how

4:11fast they can adapt here's an example

4:13where two weeds of the same species were

4:15sprayed with weed killer the one on the

4:17left looks like it's doing better but

4:19that's the one that's going to die

4:20because the weed on the right has a new

4:23mutation that lets it push all the we

4:25Killer into its outmost leaves to

4:27sacrifice them so the core can survive

4:30this video was taken just before I

4:32arrived so I got to see the survivor in

4:34person so this is the one that got

4:36sprayed and it totally survives

4:47now these a beautiful because he's nom

4:51I'll go yeah right so they all have

4:53these little pores that survived yeah

4:56and just the outside parts time yeah

4:59yeah that's nuts though that this is the

5:01one you showed me that God loved that I

5:02thought was doomed I thought this was

5:05totally doomed and it's growing all up

5:07to be a big problem and the tumbleweeds

5:09in particular are insanely adaptive

5:12talking to the experts all day about the

5:14terror of tumbleweed and their seemingly

5:16endless ways to survive I wanted to know

5:18why is it that some weeds are so much

5:20better at being weeds it was about the

5:23genome and just what it is that is

5:25fascinating about it so you know genetic

5:28variation is the source of what natural

5:30selection acts on and that's what

5:32enables species to respond to changes in

5:35climate over time imagine that an area

5:37around Salt Lake where you are and the

5:38harshest final nips on the planet ready

5:41and yet tumbleweeds are frightening you

5:44know if you've seen when these videos

5:45where they make a media plate that

5:48contains a different antibiotics in

5:50series and put the bacteria to start and

5:52the mutation will happen for existence

5:54and they'll grow then they hit the next

5:56one a mutation happens and they grow and

5:58so on because bacteria divide any 15-20

6:01minutes

6:02you know it's happening so much faster

6:04were kind of asking maybe why one

6:06species is a better way than other ones

6:08is and maybe they have a higher rate of

6:10generating all these sources radiation

6:12and so extra copies mutations in those

6:15copies so that's what it is it's not

6:16just the weed has a gene which can

6:20metabolize a herbicide is that that weed

6:23has 50 copies of the same gene which

6:26means the plant has all these places in

6:29which

6:29teachers can possibly occur that

6:31benefited for processing like the

6:32different version of the herbicide and

6:34allowed to survive while still being

6:37able to keep all of the copies for the

6:39old version of the herbicide so it

6:41doesn't have to just like you take that

6:43one gene in the exact correct way oh

6:45what a pain in the ass yeah yeah exactly

6:49our working hypothesis right now is that

6:52kosha has a genome that is more from the

6:54mistakes that generate gene duplications

6:56than other species and that could just

6:58be really beneficial especially for

7:00something that is invading a new place

7:03what makes a difference between just

7:05dying off and going extinct versus

7:07propagating across a continent maybe

7:09they're their error repair and machinery

7:11has lower fidelity and this generates

7:14variation that can be adaptive and then

7:17where it gives us even a bit more

7:18provocative as does it responds stress

7:20is that a signal to the plant to relax

7:22its error repair mechanisms we're not

7:25going to generate more novel genetic

7:27variations and we don't really know that

7:28you get adaptive variation from stress

7:31in the planet we'd like to test it and

7:33find out we took or yeah so if we can't

7:48beat them the question is can we turn

7:50tumbleweed to our advantage because

7:52we've done the full genome sequence or

7:54kosha we want to explore the genes in

7:57these successful long lasting weeds and

8:01see if there are traits that we can take

8:03out of the weeds and use them to improve

8:05soybeans or corn or cotton or whatever

8:08if you had to pick the four things that

8:10I would pull out of a plant like kosher

8:12so they're cold tolerant they're

8:14extremely heat tolerant they are also a

8:16very drought tolerant it tolerates the

8:18saline soils or salty soils so if you

8:20could put those four traits together and

8:23introduce them into crop genomes at the

8:26global level I'm telling you it would be

8:28worth billions and billions and billions

8:30of dollars looking at weeds as more than

8:33just something to kill and control and

8:35manage but as a novel source of unique

8:39genes that could be beneficial

8:41for food and fuel production well the

8:46day is ending here and it has totally

8:50been worth crossing the ocean for my

8:53brain is completely full of tumbleweed

8:56talk thanks to the team at the Colorado

8:59State weed lab but I am exhausted I've

9:01stayed on GMT so it's much later for me

9:05here than it normally would be so I hit

9:07need to get back to the hotel to sleep

9:09and to process everything to get up

9:12tomorrow morning to drive to the

9:14airports and to fly back home to make

9:16some adjustments to the script based on

9:18all of the conversations here so that

9:20future me can finish making that video I

9:22think it's gonna be a good one I'm

9:24really excited

9:34you

9:38for something like this is as a person

9:41manually put in each seed in one at a

9:44time

9:45holy moly

9:47[Music]

Hörübung

The Billion Dollar Secrets Inside Tumbleweeds

Highlight: