The report finds that raw screen‑time numbers, whether too much or too little, aren’t an effective indication of how well a student is learning. "What young people do on screens matters as much as, or more than, how long they spend on them," the authors write.

The APA also notes that a student’s perceived engagement – such as winning an educational game or completing an assignment – does not directly translate into becoming smarter.

Instead of relying on engagement metrics, the APA urges educators to test whether students can apply the skills they have learned in real‑world situations outside the technology itself; if they struggle, the technology has failed.

The association recommends that schools evaluate new classroom technology based on its ability to foster "durable knowledge and skills" and to avoid tools that encourage multitasking or depend on students’ self‑management.

"AI can help a student produce a better essay, but the improved final product does not necessarily mean the student has become a better writer," said Nicole Barnes, APA’s executive lead psychologist for education. "Just as we need to separate engagement from learning, we will increasingly need to separate performance from learning."